Laboratory and field evaluation of spinosad against the gypsy moth,
            <i>Lymantria dispar</i>

Wanner, Kevin W.; Helson, B. V.; Harris, Brenda

doi:10.1002/1526-4998(200010)56:10<855::aid-ps216>3.0.co;2-#

Cited by 35 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…However, spinosad does not kill insects rapidly (Adán et al 1996, Brunner and Doerr 1996, Wanner et al 2000, and therefore, damage was caused probably by P. interpunctella larvae before they died. The lack of signiÞcant numbers of live or dead insects in pouches, and failure to detect consistent differences in insect numbers or kernel damage among treatments, suggest that the use of pouches is undesirable for determining the protective effect of spinosad in farm-stored grain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence and Efficacy of Spinosad Residues in Farm Stored Wheat

Fang¹,

Subramanyam²,

Dolder³

2002

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Degradation and insecticidal effectiveness of spinosad residues were evaluated in Kansas during November 2000 to November 2001 in farm bins holding wheat (34-metric ton capacity). About 50 kg of hard red winter wheat from each of three bins were brought to the laboratory and treated separately with 1-ml aqueous suspensions of spinosad to provide rates of 0.1, 0.5,1, 3, 6 mg (AI)/kg of wheat. Wheat treated with distilled water served as the control treatment. Untreated and spinosad-treated wheat samples (250 g each) were placed in three plastic pouches of two different mesh sizes, and buried 2.5 cm below the grain surface. Pouches with large mesh openings were used to monitor insect infestations and kernel damage in untreated and spinosad-treated samples. Pouches with small mesh were used for extracting spinosad residues and for conducting laboratory bioassays with adults of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) at 28 degrees C and 65% RH. Wheat temperature and relative humidity near the pouches during the 1 yr of storage ranged from -10 to 32 degrees C and 50 to 70%, respectively. Moisture of wheat samples varied from 12.4 to 13%. Observed spinosad residues on wheat samples were 25% less than the calculated rates of 0.1 to 6 mg/kg. However, these residues were stable during the 1 yr of storage, and killed all R. dominica adults exposed for 14 d in the laboratory. Mortality of T. castaneum adults increased with an increase in spinosad rate. The linear regression slope of LD50s (0.3-2.7 mg/kg) against storage time was not significantly different from zero, indicating no loss in spinosad toxicity to T. castaneum adults. Insect species, insect numbers, and kernel damage over time in wheat samples inside pouches with large mesh openings were highly inconsistent, and failed to accurately characterize spinosad performance. Laboratory bioassays with R. dominica and T castaneum adults using grain from pouches with small mesh openings accurately gauged spinosad persistence and insecticidal activity under the field conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence and Efficacy of Spinosad Residues in Farm Stored Wheat

Fang¹,

Subramanyam²,

Dolder³

2002

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“…Spinosad has been shown to be an effective pest control agent (Brickle et al 2001), particularly for control of Lepidopteran insect pests (Wanner et al 2000). It was reported by Galvan et al (2005) that spinosad decreased the survival of first instars, extended the time it took first instars to become adults, decreased weight gain, and reduced the fertility of female Harmonia axyridis.…”

Section: Activity Of Sublethal Concentrations Of Spinosadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal Effects of Spinosad (Tracer®) on the Cotton Leafworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abouelghar¹,

Sakr²,

Ammar³

et al. 2013

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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Abstract:The effects of sublethal concentrations of spinosad (Tracer ® ) on development, fecundity, and food utilization, in the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) were investigated. The fourth-instar larvae were fed on castor bean leaves treated with LC 25 (13.9 ppm) or LC 50 (57.8 ppm) of spinosad. Pupation and pupal weight were significantly reduced in both LC 25 and LC 50 treatments, compared with those of the controls. The fecundity rates of females in either LC 25 or LC 50 treatment were also reduced, compared with the controls. The residual activity of spinosad, applied on cotton at labeled field-and subfield-rates (200 and 70 g active substance (a.s.)/ 200 l water, respectively), was examined against the fifth-instar larvae of S. littoralis. Feeding deterrent effects were significantly demonstrated in larvae that fed on leaves collected from field plots with residual deposits of spinosad at 3 and 7 days old after application (DAA). The residual activity of spinosad on feeding and other metabolic parameters was decreased after 21 DAA indicating that the chemical started to degrade under field conditions. A histological study on midgut from larvae that previously fed on leaves treated with a concentration corresponding to the labeled-field rate of spinosad showed some alterations occurred after 48 and 96 h of treatment, compared to the normal midgut from the controls. The histological alterations included degeneration in the epithelial lining of the midgut and in the peritrophic matrix. Such histopathological effects are presumed to be responsible for the reduction in growth and food utilization caused by spinosad. It is, therefore, concluded that spinosad has sublethal effects on S. littoralis that may affect population dynamics in the field via reductions in survival and reproduction.

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“…The mechanisms involved in the observed weight recovery of A. ipsilon larave exposed to sublethal doses of spinosad, and the potential long-term consequences on the insect fitness warrant further consideration. Wanner, Helson, and Harris (2000) studied the knockdown effect of spinosad on the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) and demonstrated a possible paralysis recovery. They established that surface contact exposure to spinosad generates a dose-dependent development of paralysis in second instar larvae and that some temporary recovery can occur at low doses when the insect can feed.…”

Section: Lethal Doses and Lethal Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of spinosad andBeauveria bassianato the black cutworm, and the additivity of subletal doses

Gosselin

Bélair

Simard

et al. 2009

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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The main objective of this study was to assess the susceptibility of the black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) to the biopesticide spinosad and to a commercial formulation (GHA strain) of the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana. Secondly, we quantified the effects of sublethal doses of spinosad on a number of A. ipsilon fitness parameters, and interactions resulting from simultaneous applications of sub-lethal doses of spinosad and B. bassiana. Under laboratory conditions, A. ipsilon third instar larvae were highly susceptible to spinosad, with an estimated LC 50 of 50 ppm. The entomopathogenic fungus, B. bassiana had a lower efficacy with an estimated LC 50 of 7 )107 spores mL (1 . Topical applications of 5, 7.5 and 10 ppm of spinosad on third instar larvae reduced larval size and increased time to pupation and to emergence. However, pupal and adult weights were not significantly different between treated and control individuals. Additivity was observed from most spinosadÁB. bassiana combinations tested, thus indicating compatibility between products. We concluded that spinosad is a promising tool for controlling black cutworm larvae alone or in combination with other products.

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Laboratory and field evaluation of spinosad against the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar

Cited by 35 publications

References 8 publications

Persistence and Efficacy of Spinosad Residues in Farm Stored Wheat

Persistence and Efficacy of Spinosad Residues in Farm Stored Wheat

Sublethal Effects of Spinosad (Tracer®) on the Cotton Leafworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Toxicity of spinosad andBeauveria bassianato the black cutworm, and the additivity of subletal doses

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