Laboratory and epidemiology data of pertussis cases and close contacts: A 5-year case-based surveillance of pertussis in Indonesia, 2016–2020

Abstract

Pertussis cases have been reported most frequently in developed countries, but they are predicted to be the most prevalent in developing countries. Indonesia, a developing country, routinely conducts case-based surveillance for pertussis. We reviewed the data on pertussis cases and close contacts based on clinical sample documents examined in the National Reference Laboratory for pertussis, Indonesia (2016–2020). Our objective was to analyze the laboratory and epidemiological aspects of pertussis cases and close contacts, particularly to evaluate the implementation of a 5-year case-based surveillance of pertussis in Indonesia. Data were collected from sample documents and annual laboratory reports between January 2016 and December 2020. We analyzed the proportion of pertussis cases and close contacts by geographic region, year, age, and sex. We used the χ2 test to correlate the laboratory and epidemiological data. In total, 274 clinical cases of pertussis and 491 close contacts were recorded in 15 provinces. The peak number of cases occurred in 2019, with a positivity rate (percentage of laboratory-confirmed cases) of 41.23% (47/114). Clinical cases were dominated by infants aged <1 year (55.5%), and 52.9% of them were aged <6 months. Similarly, 72.3% (68/94) of the laboratory-confirmed cases were infants. Both clinical cases and positivity rates tended to be higher in females (155 cases, 38.1%) than in males (119 cases, 29.4%). No confirmed cases were found in children aged ≥10 years, although positive results still occurred in close contact. Age-group and laboratory-confirmed cases were correlated (p = 0.00). Clinical and confirmed cases of pertussis occurred mostly in the early age group and may be lower in those aged ≥10 years, especially in confirmed cases. New policies are needed for pertussis prevention at an early age, as well as the application of serology tests to increase laboratory-confirmed cases in children aged ≥10 years.

The Epidemiological Features and Pathogen Spectrum of Respiratory Tract Infections, Istanbul, Türkiye, from 2021 to 2023

“…This inconsistency may be due to the fact that our laboratory mostly uses monoplex SARS-CoV-2 PCR instead of the respiratory multiplex RT-PCR panel in patients with suspected COVID-19. In addition to studies that did not find a relationship between the incidence of B. pertussis and sex, there are also studies showing that B. pertussis is detected more frequently in females [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Comparison of Immunogenicity and Safety of Diphtheria–Tetanus–Pertussis–Hepatitis B–Haemophilus influenza B (Bio Farma) with Pentabio® Vaccine Primed with Recombinant Hepatitis B at Birth (Using Different Source of Hepatitis B) in Indonesian Infants

“…Before the introduction of effective vaccination programs, pertussis was common [ 39 ]. However, despite being vaccine-preventable, pertussis is still prevalent in Indonesia [ 40 , 41 ]; from 2016 to 2020, 274 clinical cases of pertussis were recorded [ 42 ]. The annual incidence of pertussis in Indonesia ranges from 0.0671–3.92 per 100,000 persons [ 40 , 41 ], which may be attributed to the limited availability of laboratory PCR testing as the gold standard for diagnosing pertussis [ 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Differences in Mean Anti-Pertussis Antibody Levels in Children with Acellular Pertussis Immunization and Whole Pertussis Without Booster

“…Meanwhile, the drawback of the DPaT vaccine is that it is less effective in preventing severe pertussis and does not protect against atypical pertussis infections. [4][5][6][7][8] This study aims to determine the difference in mean levels of antipertussis antibodies in children who received acellular pertussis immunization and whole pertussis immunization without a booster. This study is very important because it can provide information about the long-term effectiveness of whole and acellular pertussis vaccines.…”