Labor mobility barriers and rural-urban migration in transitional China

Wang, Sophie Xuefei; Benjamin, FU Yu

doi:10.1016/j.chieco.2018.09.006

Cited by 58 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In other words, the latter were more willing to migrate to urban areas. This was because most of them worked in urban areas, accumulated related life experience and certain material capitals, and had a relatively broader horizon, which laid a foundation for their settlement in urban areas [ 17 ]. Village leaders often had a relatively stable income in addition to the income from agricultural production and the former was even higher than the latter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relevant empirical research has begun to establish a multilevel theoretical framework. With the help of tools such as multilevel statistical models, researchers not only consider the independent roles of individual, family and regional factors in the migration of rural population, but also analyze the cross-level interactions of factors [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Especially, investigating the willingness of farmers is very fundamental and necessary [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Farmers’ Rural-To-Urban Migration, Influencing Factors and Development Framework: A Case Study of Sihe Village of Gansu, China

Chen

Che

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Farmers are the major participants in rural development process and their willingness to settle in urban areas directly affects the implementation of rural revitalization strategy. Based on Ostrom’s institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework, we analyzed farmers’ willingness to settle in urban areas and its influencing factors by binary Logistic regression and cluster analysis of survey data of 190 rural households in Sihe village of Gansu Province of China. The results show that: (1) In Sihe village, farmers’ willingness to settle in urban areas was low in general and influenced by their neighbors’ decisions or behaviors. Households willing and unwilling to migrate to urban areas both presented significant spatial agglomeration. (2) The factors influencing farmers’ willingness to settle in urban areas were analyzed from six aspects: individual characteristics, family characteristics, residence characteristics, cognitive characteristics, institutions, and constraints. The main influencing factors were found to be age, occupation, number of non-agricultural workers in the family, household cultivated land area, annual household income, house building materials, degree of satisfaction with social pension, homestead and contracted land subsidies, income constraints, and other constraints. (3) Individual heterogeneity and difference in economic basis determined the difference in farmers’ willingness to settle in urban areas. Institutions and constraints played different roles in the migration willingness of different groups of farmers (Note: More details on the sample as well as further interpretation and discussion of the surveys are available in the associated research article (“Village-Scale Livelihood Change and the Response of Rural Settlement Land Use: Sihe Village of Tongwei County in Mid-Gansu Loess Hilly Region as an Example” (Ma, L.B.; Liu, S.C.; Niu, Y.W.; Chen, M.M., 2018)).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmers’ Rural-To-Urban Migration, Influencing Factors and Development Framework: A Case Study of Sihe Village of Gansu, China

Chen

Che

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…Studies on the impact of rural population decline on rural landscapes have shown that farmland abandonment has affected rural biodiversity and triggered the succession of ecological landscapes [10]. Labor outmigration has weakened agricultural cultivation and increased the areas and the possibility of farmland abandonment by farmers [3,[11][12][13]. The fragmentation of land reduces the marginal productivity of agricultural labor and further promotes the migration of rural labor to the nonagricultural sector [14].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In developing countries, the main laborers participating in agricultural cultivation have gradually changed from young males to the elderly and women [1,2]. This impact of rural-urban migration on agricultural cultivation has two aspects: rural migration can change farmer household's behaviors by labor and capital changes, while urbanization's demand and supply to the agricultural sector can change the cost-benefit structure of agricultural cultivation by agricultural markets and technical efficiency changes [3]. Therefore, urbanization has become the main driver of rural social and cultivation restructuring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Has Rural Migration Weakened Agricultural Cultivation? Evidence from the Mountains of Southwest China

Zhang

Deng

et al. 2020

Agriculture

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Linkages between rural migration and agricultural restructuring have become a key aspect of rapid urbanization in developing countries and a research focus for optimizing rural–urban development and rural reconstruction. Using continuous statistical data from the mountains of Southwest China, we examined the structure, changes and regional differences in agricultural cultivation under urbanization, analyzed the reasons for the restructuring of agricultural cultivation, and revealed the adaptation linkages between the rural–urban transition and agricultural restructuring. The results showed that land-use changes and rural migration caused by urbanization significantly affected the cultivation structure and its change trends: the proportion of food crops decreased, while the proportion of vegetables and orchards increased. However, regional differences in the agricultural cultivation structure were significant in the various township zones. Rural migration weakened agricultural cultivation in the lake basin and nationality townships but enhanced agricultural cultivation in the river valley townships. On the basis of the adaptation linkages of urbanization, rural migration, agricultural intensification, cultivation structure and economic development, chain-type changes and adaptation processes between rural migration and agricultural restructuring were demonstrated. These findings indicate that favorable locations and appropriate policies can promote the integration and restructuring of smallholder agriculture for commercialization and intensification and vice versa.

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“…There is no denying that high revenue is the initial motivation for most rural laborers. That is, employment transfer is prioritized over regional transfer, especially in China, which is a developing country undergoing rapid urbanization [22]. If workers' income is less than or not significantly greater than their original incomes, then their transfer behavior is pointless [23].…”

Section: Regionality Of Rural Labor Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Features of Rural Labor Transfer and Cultural Differences: Evidence from China’s Southwest Mountainous Areas

et al. 2019

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Large-scale rural labor transfer is considered an important means of promoting urbanization and poverty alleviation; however, it has been difficult to fully reveal the complexity of mountain labor transfer using traditional theory. In this study, macrostatistics and microsurvey data were employed to conduct an empirical analysis of rural labor transfer in Xichang, highlighting the regional features of rural labor transfer in the southwest mountainous areas of China. The results show that the employment structure of rural labor is dominated by agriculture; however, its proportion is decreasing annually. The development of secondary and tertiary industries significantly contributes to the non-agricultural employment of rural laborers, who transfer mainly to the building, industry, and consumption fields—especially consumption, which has the greatest ability to absorb surplus rural labor. Migration of the population and farmers’ per capita net income promotes rural labor transfer, while the amount of rural labor, the urbanization rate in townships, agricultural development, and the topography have lagged effects on the process. This study argues that rural labor transfer in the mountains has regionality, multi-pattern, and gradient features; therefore, the promotion of rural labor transfer should consider local urbanization and poverty alleviation in such a manner that aligns with the local natural and socioeconomic conditions of the mountainous areas.

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Labor mobility barriers and rural-urban migration in transitional China

Cited by 58 publications

References 17 publications

Farmers’ Rural-To-Urban Migration, Influencing Factors and Development Framework: A Case Study of Sihe Village of Gansu, China

Farmers’ Rural-To-Urban Migration, Influencing Factors and Development Framework: A Case Study of Sihe Village of Gansu, China

Has Rural Migration Weakened Agricultural Cultivation? Evidence from the Mountains of Southwest China

The Features of Rural Labor Transfer and Cultural Differences: Evidence from China’s Southwest Mountainous Areas

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