Labor Force Aging and the Composition of Regional Human Capital

Prenzel, Paula; Iammarino, Simona

doi:10.1080/00130095.2021.1885294

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…However, some attempts were made to study the founder's age, both theoretically and empirically (Bau et al, 2016;Kulik et al, 2014;Langowitz and Minniti, 2007;Lévesque and Minniti, 2006;Ucbasaran, Wright and Westhead, 2003) but the findings on age and its impact on entrepreneurial outcome has remained divided (Startiene and Remeikiene, 2009). A possible reason for this could be that human capital differs across age groups (Prenzel and Iammarino, 2021) as age increase human capital in terms of the accumulated life experiences (Gielnik, Zacher and Wang, 2018;Huggins, Prokop and Thompson, 2017) and the factors including human capital and other aspects such as risk aversion, that are linked to entrepreneurship also tends to change during life (Lamotte and Colovic, 2013). From the human capital theory perspective, younger founders would also enjoy higher returns from human capital investments as well as have lower foregone earnings (Preisendörfer and Voss, 1990).…”

Section: Founder's Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Founder's Human Capital and the Entrepreneurial Process Duration

Shahid¹

2023

Preprint

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This thesis presents three quantitative empirical studies, utilising two US cohorts from the harmonised Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED), to advance our understanding of the relationship between nascent entrepreneurs’ human capital and duration to different entrepreneurial outcomes. Each chapter provides a distinct perspective across three dimensions: (1) human capital, age and sector impact duration to a profitable outcome, (2) the association of human capital and age with the founder’s exit; and finally, (3) human capital impact on the duration to a profitable outcome with a different spatial scope of sales. Following the introductory chapter, in chapter 2, the human capital perspective is used to investigate how the level of human capital and the founder’s age influence the likelihood of profitable venture creation in a shorter duration. This chapter extends research in nascent entrepreneurship that hitherto has largely overlooked the duration perspective to an entrepreneurial process outcome. This chapter stresses that hi-tech start-up particularly benefits from the nascent entrepreneur’s higher educational attainment in terms of shorter duration until the profitable outcome, and find that age has a non-linear relationship with the speed of the profitable venture outcome. Chapter 3 examines how a founder’s human capital factors and age influence the likelihood of a founder’s exit, and duration to an exit, from the entrepreneurial process. This chapter also extends its focus to human capital interactions to establish which combinations are more likely to reduce an earlier prospect of a founder’s disengagement from the entrepreneurial process. The chapter, also adds to the literature on how founders, with higher human capital, learn quickly and make intelligent choices to disengage without incurring heavy personal and societal costs. A non-linear relationship is found between the founder’s age and the duration to disengagement. Finally, chapter 4, seeks to understand how a founder’s human capital affects the profitable outcome, and the duration to such an outcome, at the different spatial scopes of sales. This paper takes a new approach and adds to the international entrepreneurship literature by clarifying how the founder’s human capital factors impact rapid (born global) and incremental (international new ventures) spatial scope strategies differently. Among the general human capital, a university degree is valuable across all types of spatial scopes of sales in terms of profitable venture creation in a shorter duration. However, start-up experience (specific human capital) only tends to be vital for international scope in terms of the shorter duration to create a profitable new venture. Altogether, the thesis advances our understanding of the important role of the founder’s human capital dimensions in nascent entrepreneurship, in the duration either to a profitable venture creation or to exit, which is underdeveloped in the existing literature. The thesis paves the way for future, both theoretical and empirical research, into nascent entrepreneurship process duration by analysing the direct effects of various aspects of social capital.

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Section: Founder's Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Founder's Human Capital and the Entrepreneurial Process Duration

Shahid¹

2023

Preprint

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“…According to the research reviewed in the second section, we can add that contextual circumstances include territorial elements that drive variation in policy outcomes below the country-level (Greer et al, 2015;Kazepov et al, 2022;Keating, 2021aKeating, , 2021b. In particular, contextual traits related to the characteristics of the economy and youth-friendly sectors, as well as to migration flows, have been singled out both by research on spatial disparities and on youth employment outcomes (Cefalo et al 2020;Iammarino et al, 2019;Prenzel and Iammarino, 2021;Scandurra et al, 2021b). This being the case, our expectation is that: H3: The impact of ALMPs on regional youth employment is stronger in better-off regions with specific sectoral specializations (for example, higher employment demand in the service sector).…”

Section: Hypothesis On Almps and Youth Employment: What Work For Whom...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Along this line, Scandurra et al (2021b) find that regional youth labour market integration is affected by the regional demand of work, pointing to possible effects of sectoral specialization. As for demographic trends, the size of the youth population defines the potential labour supply of the region, and is affected by skill- and age-selective migration with large regional variation (Prenzel and Iammarino, 2021). Regions of out-flowing migration may, for instance, display reduced competition for labour market access (Cefalo and Scandurra, 2021).…”

Section: Subnational Variations Of Youth Employmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

What, for whom, and under what circumstances: Do activation policies increase youth employment in the EU?

Cefalo,

Scandurra

2023

Journal of European Social Policy

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Activation measures have assumed a prominent role within policy perspectives aimed at increasing labour market participation to support welfare sustainability. Most comparative studies on active labour market policies (ALMPs) have been conducted at the national level, although several scholars recently stressed the need to consider more carefully the territorial dimension of social policies. This article addresses this research gap by providing quantitative estimates of the territorial effect of national ALMPs provision on youth employment in European regions. We find that regional contextual traits, which can present a variety of configurations, play a significant role in moderating the effects of ALMPs. Divergent outcomes per type and level of education also highlight the complexity of the landscape for ALMPs’ design and implementation. Our analysis helps identify the institutional and contextual conditions that require evaluation when designing and implementing policies targeting young people.

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“…The state of the labor market is considered a significant factor in the development of human capital in the scientific literature. For example, researchers note that the fundamental prerequisite for the accumulation of human capital is the age (Prenzel and Yammarino, 2021) and mobility of the workforce (Bliznyuk and Yatsenko 2023), the level of employment and self-employment (Hazaimeh et al, 2023;Novruzov, 2023;Rahman et al, 2022), as well as the average wage in the region.…”

Section: Theoretical Foundations Of the Formation Of An Innovative Ec...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation of Human Capital as a Driver of Innovative Economy

Gimranova,

Aimagambetov,

Nevmatulina

et al. 2023

Acad. J. Interdiscip. Stud.

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The purpose of this study was to identify key factors that have a significant impact on the level of high-tech production in the region and the development of human capital in seven countries of the Caucasus and Central Asia. A comprehensive literature analysis was carried out to achieve this goal, including data from several countries of the Caucasus and Central Asia, including demographic data, education levels, labor market indicators, health indicators, and research activities. The authors constructed a model of multiple spatial regression, including seven spatial objects and a 5-time series. A qualitative model of cumulative panel regression without signs of multicollinearity was obtained as a result of the step-by-step elimination of collinear and nonessential variables. The results of the study revealed three key factors that are closely and directly related to the level of production of high-tech products. Two relate to the education sector – "the number of university graduates in the field of science and technology", and "the number of researchers per 1 million inhabitants" and one indicator characterizes the labor market – "the employment level in the economy". The authors did not identify a close relationship between the level of high-tech production and economic factors, such as cost and productivity, which contradicts the results of other research and requires more careful study. The results of the research can be useful in the development of measures to promote human capital and innovation policy of the countries of the Caucasus and Central Asia. Received: 7 September 2023 / Accepted: 19 October 2023 / Published: 5 November 2023

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Labor Force Aging and the Composition of Regional Human Capital

Cited by 14 publications

References 72 publications

Founder's Human Capital and the Entrepreneurial Process Duration

Founder's Human Capital and the Entrepreneurial Process Duration

What, for whom, and under what circumstances: Do activation policies increase youth employment in the EU?

Transformation of Human Capital as a Driver of Innovative Economy

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