Labor Force Ageing and Economic Growth in Japan

Sakuragawa, Masaya; Makino, Tatsuji

doi:10.4337/9781847204240.00010

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Usually, it occurs when a vehicle is subjected to lateral forces, such as wind or seismic forces, but field slope is a major factor for the transverse overturning of agricultural machinery. The mathematical analysis of transverse overturning was conducted based on Equation (7), which is a summation of the coordinates (X S , Y S , Z S ) of the center of gravity, wheelbase (L 1 ), and the deflection angle (γ). The deflection angle was changed from 0 to 360 • at 10 • intervals.…”

Section: Estimation Of the Transverse Overturning Anglementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Overturning and Vibration during Field Operation of a Tractor-Mounted 4-Row Radish Collector toward Ensuring User Safety

et al. 2020

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The overturning stability and vibration of upland crop machinery under development are important issues for analysis because farms for upland crops are usually uneven, which may cause work-related fatalities, and vibration affects user comfort and reduces the durability of components. In this study, the overturning stability and vibration of a tractor-mounted radish collector were investigated to ensure safety during radish collection. To analyze lateral stability, the center of gravity (CG) of the tractor-mounted radish collector system was calculated mathematically. Then, a simulation was performed to determine the lateral overturning angles at different folding positions of the radish conveyor belt and load conditions, and the results were validated through tests. Vibration sensors were used to measure the vibration levels and the power spectrum density (PSD) was obtained to check the cyclic apparatuses of the major frequencies. The load conditions, different conveyor speeds, and locations were considered as factors affecting the vibration levels. Considering the physical parameters of the tractor–collector system, the analytical overturning angle was 30.5°. The average overturning angle difference between the simulation and validation was 5°, and the difference between loaded and unloaded conditions was 2°. For 0, 45, and 90° folding positions of the conveyor belt, overturning angles increased and varied from 0.5 to 1°. The vibration level was greater under the unloaded conditions and increased with an increase in the conveyor speed. Vibrations under the loaded condition (0.37~0.48 ms−2) satisfied the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standard (except the first conveyor belt). According to the PSD analysis, high magnitude peaks (>25 dB) appeared frequently in all directions, which indicates a high possibility of damage to the first conveyor belt. This study provides useful information for improving the safety and durability of agricultural machinery for uneven and sloped field conditions.

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Section: Estimation Of the Transverse Overturning Anglementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Overturning and Vibration during Field Operation of a Tractor-Mounted 4-Row Radish Collector toward Ensuring User Safety

et al. 2020

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“…An important component of the economic future of Japan will be the impact of population decline and aging on the size and productivity of the labor force (Genda et al 2007;Kurokawa et al 2004). Obviously, if age-specific labor force participation rates remain constant, the labor force will reflect the smaller, older population, and the rate of decline in the labor force will tend to exceed the rate of population decline and affect the rate of economic growth (Sakuragawa and Makino 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Decline, Labor Force Stability, and the Future of the Japanese Economy

et al. 2009

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Demographic trends in Japan are producing a declining population that is rapidly growing older. With a total fertility rate of around 1.3 children per woman, the population has already begun to decline. This article examines the impact of these demographic trends on the level of employment and economic growth that Japan is projected to experience over the next 20 years. We explore the effect of changes in labor market policies on age-specific employment rates and assess whether innovative policies can moderate the decline in employment. Public policies encouraging increased employment of women and persons aged 60 and older could partially offset the anticipated decline in employment. The importance of the Japanese experience for European policy makers is discussed.

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“…The aging of Japan's population is likely to have an enormous ongoing impact on the nation's entire economy. Sakuragawa and Makino (2007) argue that population decline necessarily infers a decreasing rate of younger workers (aged 20-39 years) to older (aged 40-65 years), thereby depressing the wage-earning potential of Japanese workers collectively. This contributes to Japan's general economic underperformance, and creates economic conditions that discourage young Japanese from marrying and having children early, further exacerbating problems of low fertility and population decline (p. 59).…”

Section: The Current Demographic Situation In Japan -Why Is Depopulation Such An Urgent Problem?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Politics of Labour Migration and Demographic Change in Contemporary Japan

Bishop¹

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<p>Japan currently faces a demographic crisis resulting from declines in fertility rates and rapid expansion of Japan’s elderly population. Public pensions will come under immense strain as shrinking numbers of working age people are forced to support ever more retirees. At the same time, declines in fertility and falling population figures threaten Japan’s future economic growth and vitality. This thesis investigates the relationship between the demographic crisis and Japan’s strict immigration policies. Policymakers continue to refuse to allow migration to Japan in order to offset declines in Japan’s own working age population. The thesis aims to explain why Japan remains so reluctant to accept migrant workers from abroad, even though this may offer a solution to the problems of demographic decline and depopulation. I contend that conventional analyses of Japan’s immigration policies do not provide adequate explanations for why Japan continues to exclude foreign labourers. Rather, I argue that Japan’s attitude must be understood in connection with a binary, “us-and-them” mindset toward foreign countries and communities collectively that exists in Japan’s governing and bureaucratic institutions. This mindset is evident in Japan’s practical labour policy implementation, and has important cultural and political implications for Japan’s public discourses of national identity and interests. The thesis argues that Japan remains unwilling to accept migrant labourers because of an immigration policy structure that resolutely adheres to an outdated view of migrants as mere units of labour. This overlooks changed global models of migration that prioritise human rights, proactive social integration and strategic selection of migrants. While Japan could ease the effects of depopulation and demographic decline by revising core policy assumptions in order to effectively integrate migrants into the dwindling national workforce, it has so far failed to engage with newer models of migration. My analysis locates Japan’s crisis within a wider context of global demographic change and transnational population movement in the twenty-first century.</p>

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Labor Force Ageing and Economic Growth in Japan

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis of Overturning and Vibration during Field Operation of a Tractor-Mounted 4-Row Radish Collector toward Ensuring User Safety

Analysis of Overturning and Vibration during Field Operation of a Tractor-Mounted 4-Row Radish Collector toward Ensuring User Safety

Population Decline, Labor Force Stability, and the Future of the Japanese Economy

The Politics of Labour Migration and Demographic Change in Contemporary Japan

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