Labeling of neurons following intravenous injections of fluorescent tracers in mice

Krans, A van der; Hoogland, Piet V.

doi:10.1016/0165-0270(83)90123-1

Cited by 35 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Intravenously-injected HRP (Broadwell and Brightman, 1976) and doxo-rubicin, a toxic fluorescent antibiotic (Bigotte et al, 1982a,b), are similarly taken up and transported to the cell bodies of motor, neurosecretory, and ganglionic neurons. Intravenously-injected fluorescent cationic cyanine dyes, which are much used as nontoxic retrograde neuroanatomical tracers, also provide a striking demonstration of permeable regions of the brain and of cell bodies with axons that end in permeable regions or outside the CNS (Van Der Krans and Hoogland, 1983).…”

Section: Possible Harmful Effects Of Plasma Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular permeability in the peripheral autonomic and somatic nervous systems: Controversial aspects and comparisons with the blood-brain barrier

Kiernan

1996

Microsc. Res. Tech.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Endothelium, choroidal epithelium, and arachnoid exclude plasma proteins from most parts of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Nerve roots, in contrast, have permeable capillaries and permeable pia‐arachnoid sheaths. Diffusion of plasma proteins into the cerebrospinal fluid is probably prevented by slow bulk flow along a pressure gradient from the subarachnoid space into the veins of the roots. In nerves, the perineurium prevents diffusion of proteins from the epineurium into the endoneurium. Capillaries within fascicles are permeable to macromolecules, though less so than the microvessels of roots and ganglia. Endoneurial vascular permeability is lowest in rats and mice, but even in these species albumin is normally present in the extracellular spaces around the nerve fibers. The so‐called blood‐nerve barrier is not equivalent to the blood‐brain barrier. Capillaries in sensory and sympathetic ganglia are fully permeable to macromolecules, and extravasated protein is in contact with neuronal cell bodies and neurites. An impenetrable perineurium surrounds each ganglion, but serves no obvious purpose when the vessels inside are as permeable as those outside. The enteric nervous system lacks a perineurium, and the neurons in its avascular ganglia and tracts are exposed to extracellular fluid formed by permeable vessels in adjacent tissues of the gut. The reasons for excluding macromolecules from some parts of the nervous system are obscure. Carrier‐mediated transport, which maintains a constant supply of ions, glucose, and other metabolites to cells in the CNS, would be impossible if larger molecules could diffuse freely. Presumably the metabolic needs of ganglia are adequately met by exchange vessels similar to those of nonnervous tissues. Most of the CNS is protected from exogenous toxic substances that bind to plasma proteins. Peripheral neurons and glial cells are damaged by some such substances because of the lack of blood‐tissue barriers. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

show abstract

Section: Possible Harmful Effects Of Plasma Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular permeability in the peripheral autonomic and somatic nervous systems: Controversial aspects and comparisons with the blood-brain barrier

Kiernan

1996

Microsc. Res. Tech.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, a diffuse extracellular staining with thc concomitant occurrence of diffusely labeled perikarya following spread of tracers into the AR is only detectable with survival times considerably lower than those used in the present study. According to Van der Krans and Hoogland (1983), we used long survival times, which are needed to obtain the most intense labeling with GB. In these conditions, GBlabeled neurons exhibited silver-blue granules in the cytoplasm, which is a typical feature of labeling due to retrograde axonal transport (Bentivoglio et al, 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transport of GB via the bloodstream has also been used in the present study to label neurons with axons entering the ME. It has been reported that vascular administration of horseradish peroxidase (Broadwell and Brightman, 1976) and other fluorescent tracers (Van der Krans and Hoogland, 1983) resulted in retrograde labeling of neurons projecting to areas devoid of blood-brain barrier (Balin et al, 1986). including the neural-hemal zone of the ME, which possesses fenestrated capillaries (Page, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A small subpopulation of progesterone receptor‐containing neurons in the guinea pig arcuate nucleus projects to the median eminence

Poulain¹,

Warembourg²,

Jolivet³

1990

J of Neuroscience Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In female guinea pigs, a combination of retrograde tracing and immunofluorescence for progesterone receptors (PR) was applied to determine if PR-immunoreactive (PR-IR) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (AR) send their axons directly to the median eminence (ME). Axonal projections to the ME were studied by different techniques using fluorescent dyes. From 31 adult animals, ovariectomized and primed by estradiol, small deposits of Lucifer Yellow (LY) were made on the cut surface of the ME, either by direct application of LY crystals or by iontophoresis. These techniques were carried out on excised mediobasal hypothalamus maintained in vitro and allowed visualization of AR perikarya projecting to the ME after dye diffusion in the severed axons. In another group of ten immature animals primed by estradiol, Granular Blue (GB) was injected in the jugular vein. Blood-borne GB was taken up in the ME by intact nerve endings and retrogradely transported to the perikarya of origin. PR-IR neurons and perikarya filled with LY or retrogradely labeled by GB were intermingled with each other throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the AR. Double-labeled cells, displaying PR immunoreactivity and dye labeling, were observed consistently, but their number was small. This result demonstrates that some AR neurons sending axonal projections to the ME are target cells for progesterone. As the majority of PR-IR neurons in the AR do not project to the ME, it is suggested that most PR-IR neurons present in this nucleus form local circuit projections or project to distant areas of the central nervous system.

show abstract

“…Arcuate neuroendocrine neurons that project to the median eminence have access to blood-borne substances that are not available to the majority of central neurons. Several retrograde tracers that do not cross the blood-brain barrier, including horseradish peroxidase (Broadwell and Brightman, 1976), fast blue (van der Krans and Hoogland, 1983;Rho andSwanson, 1987), andFluoro-Gold (Merchenthaler, 1991b), will selectively label neuroendocrine neurons after systemic injections. In the present study, intraperitoneal injection of Fluoro-Gold was combined with intracellular injection in a fixed-tissue slice preparation (Rho and Swanson, 1987;Buhl et al, 1989Buhl et al, , 1990Hill and Oliver, 1993) to examine the effects of long-term orchidectomy on the dendritic morphology of arcuate neuroendocrine neurons in adult rats.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendritic growth of arcuate neuroendocrine neurons following orchidectomy in adult rats

1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent studies have shown that changes in dendritic architecture are an important component of functional plasticity in the adult central nervous system. In the present study, we determined whether gonadectomy induces changes in dendritic architecture in the arcuate nucleus, a target tissue for gonadal hormones. A combination of retrograde labeling with systemically injected Fluoro-Gold and intracellular injection of neurons in a fixed-slice preparation was used to examine the morphology of neuroendocrine neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus. Intracellullary filled arcuate neuroendocrine neurons (8-21 neurons per brain) from intact (n = 5) and orchidectomized (n = 5) animals were reconstructed with the aid of a computer microscope. A quantitative analysis revealed that orchidectomy had no effect on the number and distribution of Fluoro-Gold-labeled neuroendocrine neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus. The morphology of arcuate neuroendocrine neurons in intact animals was relatively simple, with the majority of neurons (79%) having only two primary dendrites and few dendritic spines. Compared with intact controls, arcuate neuroendocrine neurons in the orchidectomized group had significantly larger somatic profile areas and exhibited significant increases in dendrite length, dendrite volume, terminal branch number, and spines per unit length of dendrite. The increase in terminal branch number in orchidectomized animals was due primarily to the appearance of short branches that gave a striking, claw-like appearance to many of the distal dendrites. These results provide evidence for hormonal regulation of dendritic morphology of arcuate neuroendocrine neurons in adult mammals.

show abstract

Labeling of neurons following intravenous injections of fluorescent tracers in mice

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Vascular permeability in the peripheral autonomic and somatic nervous systems: Controversial aspects and comparisons with the blood-brain barrier

Vascular permeability in the peripheral autonomic and somatic nervous systems: Controversial aspects and comparisons with the blood-brain barrier

A small subpopulation of progesterone receptor‐containing neurons in the guinea pig arcuate nucleus projects to the median eminence

Dendritic growth of arcuate neuroendocrine neurons following orchidectomy in adult rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About