Label‐free single‐shot imaging with on‐axis phase‐shifting holographic reflectance quantitative phase microscopy

Abstract

Quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) has been emerged as an indispensable diagnostic and characterization tool in biomedical imaging with its characteristic nature of label‐free, noninvasive, and real time imaging modality. The integration of holography to the conventional microscopy opens new advancements in QPM featuring high‐resolution and quantitative three‐dimensional image reconstruction. However, the holography schemes suffer in space‐bandwidth and time‐bandwidth issues in the off‐axis and phase‐shifting configuration, respectively. Here, we introduce an on‐axis phase‐shifting holography based QPM system with single‐shot imaging capability. The technique utilizes the Fizeau interferometry scheme in combination with polarization phase‐shifting and space‐division multiplexing to achieve the single‐shot recording of the multiple phase‐shifted holograms. Moreover, the high‐speed imaging capability with instantaneous recording of spatially phase shifted holograms offers the flexible utilization of the approach in dynamic quantitative phase imaging with robust phase stability. We experimentally demonstrated the validity of the approach by quantitative phase imaging and depth‐resolved imaging of paramecium cells. Furthermore, the technique is applied to the phase imaging and quantitative parameter estimation of red blood cells. This integration of a Fizeau‐based phase‐shifting scheme to the optical microscopy enables a simple and robust tool for the investigations of engineered and biological specimen with real‐time quantitative analysis.

High-speed single-exposure time-reversed ultrasonically encoded optical focusing against dynamic scattering

“…Thus, this effect is neglected in the literature, and in our experiment, we chose to use one superpixel to sample one spatial mode to maximize the experimentally achieved PBR. Note that a similar superpixel strategy has been applied to other applications using ballistic photons to image polarization, phase, and even color, although speckle phenomenon and scattering media were not involved ( 55 , 56 ).…”

Snapshot on-axis Fizeau polarization phase-shifting interferometer

“…In the last decade, the applicability of PPSI techniques were expanded with the introduction of the advanced spatial light modulators and the polarization camera, and interferometry schemes including simultaneous polarization Mirau interferometer 30 , high-speed PPSI for simultaneous imaging of flow and sound 31 , and snapshot diffraction microscope were demonstrated 32 . Very recently, the applicability of the PPSI technique along with polarization camera is utilized to develop single-shot holography and microscopy approaches with the capability of complex-valued dynamic and three-dimensional imaging [33][34][35][36] . In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a highly stable onaxis near common-path Fizeau-polarization phase-shifting interferometer capable of quantitative phase measurement from a snapshot intensity distribution of the interferogram.…”