Label-free single-molecule detection of DNA-hybridization kinetics with a carbon nanotube field-effect transistor

Sorgenfrei, Sebastian; Chiu, Chien‐Yang; Gonzalez, Ruben L.; Yu, Yeonsil; Kim, Philip; Nuckolls, Colin; Shepard, Kenneth L.

doi:10.1038/nnano.2010.275

Cited by 361 publications

(343 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

327

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This sensitivity is due to the Coulomb interaction between the molecule and the defect that modulates scattering in the 1D channel. 52 This approach provides a new electronic platform for studying biomolecular interactions and kinetics that are hidden in ensemble measurements, as demonstrated by Sorgenfrei et al 68 In this study, they covalently attached a single-stranded probe DNA sequence, which was terminated with an amine group, to a carboxylic acidfunctionalized point defect in a carbon nanotube using a standard amide-formation coupling reaction. After probe DNA was attached, these devices were used to study the kinetics and thermodynamics of DNA hybridization with the experimental setup shown in Figure 3a.…”

Section: Swnt-dna Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Carbon nanomaterials field-effect-transistor-based biosensors

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon nanomaterials field-effect transistor (FET)-based electrical biosensors provide significant advantages over the current gold standards, holding great potential for realizing direct, label-free, real-time electrical detection of biomolecules in a multiplexed manner with ultrahigh sensitivity and excellent selectivity. The feasibility of integrating them with current complementary metal oxide semiconductor platform and a fluid handling module using standard microfabrication technology opens up new opportunities for the development of low-cost, low-noise, portable electrical biosensors for use in practical future devices. In this article, we review recent progress in the rapidly developing area of biomolecular interaction detection using FET-based biosensors based on the carbon nanomaterials single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and graphene. Detection scenarios include DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA-protein interaction, protein function and cellular activity. In particular, we will highlight an amazing property of SWNT-or graphene-FETs in biosensing: their ability to detect biomolecules at the single-molecule level or at the single-cell level. This is due to the size comparability and the surface compatibility of the carbon nanomaterials with biological molecules. We also summarize some current challenges the scientific community is facing, including device-to-device heterogeneity and the lack of system integration for uniform device array mass production. Keywords: biosensor; carbon nanotube; field-effect transistor; graphene A biosensor is an analytical device that incorporates a biological recognition element in direct spatial contact with a transduction element. This integration ensures the rapid and convenient conversion of the biological events to detectable signals. 1 With the discovery of rich nanomaterials and the development of exquisite nanofabrication tools, such as electron beam lithography, focused ion beam and nanoimprint lithography, new avenues have been opened up in the field of biosensors in the last two decades. 2,3 In particular, researchers around the world have been tailor-making a multitude of nanomaterials-based electrical biosensors and developing new strategies to apply them in ultrasensitive biosensing. Examples of such nanomaterials include carbon nanotubes, 4-13 nanowires, 11,14-21 nanoparticles, 6,22-25 nanopores, 26,27 nanoclusters 28 and graphene. 5,[29][30][31][32] Compared with conventional optical, biochemical and biophysical methods, nanomaterial-based electronic biosensing offers significant advantages, such as high sensitivity and new sensing mechanisms, high spatial resolution for localized detection, facile integration with standard wafer-scale semiconductor processing and label-free, real-time detection in a nondestructive manner.Among diverse electrical biosensing architectures, devices based on field-effect transistors (FETs) have attracted great attention because they are an ideal biosensor that can directly translate the interactions between target biological mole...

show abstract

Section: Swnt-dna Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Carbon nanomaterials field-effect-transistor-based biosensors

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ti was chosen as the metal contact to utilize its dense native oxide layer for passivation. 42 After lift-off in acetone bath, the device was wire bonded to a chip carrier. At the side of the device, a blank Si substrate with e-beam evaporated Ti was also wire bonded to the chip carrier.…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Device Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Li Intercalation into Graphite: Direct Optical Imaging and Cahn–Hilliard Reaction Dynamics

Guo

Smith

et al. 2016

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

Self Cite

101

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…[15] This approach is complementary to traditional optical methods but with the obvious advantages, such as no fluorescent labeling and no bleaching problem. In this direction, by incorporating a single hairpin DNA probe to a silicon nanowire (SiNW) field-effect transistor (FET), we recently realized the dynamic monitoring of the folding/ unfolding behavior of individual DNAs with single-base pair resolution, [15e] demonstrating a robust single-molecule platform with a high signal-to-noise ratio, high time resolution, and high bandwidth for studying biomolecular interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping in Single‐Molecule Electronic Circuits

et al. 2017

Advanced Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

among individual genomes and understanding the relationship between genetic variations and their biological functions on a genomic scale have attracted extensive attention from geneticists in the postgenomic era. [1] Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are prevalent and abundant genetic mutations. Because of their involvement in the emergence of numerous inherited diseases, SNPs have been used as genetic markers for mapping disease loci, [2] and studying candidate gene association, [3] revealing fundamental information for clinical diagnosis and drug discovery for related genetic diseases. [4] Therefore, various genotyping techniques have been developed for SNP detection, such as allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, [5] hybridization methods based on artificial DNA probes (molecular beacons, peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), and locked nucleic acids (LNAs)), [6] enzyme-assisted primer extension or chain ligation reaction genotyping by using DNA polymerase or ligase, [7] and enzyme mismatch cleavages. [8] However, most of these methods require pre-or post-treatments such as complex and costly PCR or rolling circle amplification steps to generate large amounts of sample collection or for signal enhancement, significantly restricting their applications. [9] To establish high-throughout, simple, and accurate genotyping techniques, with the ultimate goal of detecting SNPs at the single-molecule/single-event level, it is necessary to develop next-generation SNP-genotyping technology based on single-molecule analysis, which is promising for reducing the number of PCR amplification steps and lowering costs. [10] Molecular beacons (MBs), [6a,11] which are derived from hairpin-loop-structured oligonucleotides containing a fluorophore and quencher at different ends of the strand, have been widely used for biological detection both in vitro and in vivo, such as polymorphism analysis, clinical diagnosis, genotyping, and allele discrimination. [12] Because of their enhanced specificity and sensitivity, MBs are common and effective DNA probes for SNP genotyping. A single-base mismatch can be easily distinguished by measuring the differences in fluorescence intensity induced by the mismatched site after binding to well-matched and single-base mismatched targets due to the dynamic diversities of MB hybridization with different targets. Comparing the thermal stability of probe targets and investigating an optimized temperature range to maximize signal Establishing low-cost, high-throughput, simple, and accurate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping techniques is beneficial for understanding the intrinsic relationship between individual genetic variations and their biological functions on a genomic scale. Here, a straightforward and reliable single-molecule approach is demonstrated for precise SNP authentication by directly measuring the fluctuations in electrical signals in an electronic circuit, which is fabricated from a high-gain field-effect silicon nanowire decorated with a single...

show abstract

Label-free single-molecule detection of DNA-hybridization kinetics with a carbon nanotube field-effect transistor

Cited by 361 publications

References 41 publications

Carbon nanomaterials field-effect-transistor-based biosensors

Carbon nanomaterials field-effect-transistor-based biosensors

Li Intercalation into Graphite: Direct Optical Imaging and Cahn–Hilliard Reaction Dynamics

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping in Single‐Molecule Electronic Circuits

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About