Label-free metabolic imaging of non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease (NAFLD) liver by volumetric dynamic optical coherence tomography

Abstract

Label-free metabolic imaging of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mouse liver is demonstrated ex vivo by dynamic optical coherence tomography (OCT). The NAFLD mouse is a methionine choline-deficient (MCD)-diet model, and two mice fed the MCD diet for 1 and 2 weeks are involved in addition to a normal-diet mouse. The dynamic OCT is based on repeating raster scan and logarithmic intensity variance (LIV) analysis that enables volumetric metabolic imaging with a standard-speed (50,000 A-lines/s) OCT system. Metabolic domains associated with lipid droplet accumulation and inflammation are clearly visualized three-dimensionally. Particularly, the normal-diet liver exhibits highly metabolic vessel-like structures of peri-vascular hepatic zones. The 1-week MCD-diet liver shows ring-shaped highly metabolic structures formed with lipid droplets. The 2-week MCD-diet liver exhibits fragmented vessel-like structures associated with inflammation. These results imply that volumetric LIV imaging is useful for visualizing and assessing NAFLD abnormalities.

Multi-Contrast Jones-Matrix Optical Coherence Tomography—The Concept, Principle, Implementation, and Applications

“…Simultaneously obtained birefringence images show that the birefringence of the liver of the 1-week NAFLD model is higher than that of the normal liver, and it becomes low again in the liver of 2-week NAFLD model mouse as shown in Fig. 12 (c-d) [127].…”

“…The structure and activities of the microvascular 11 [126]. The D-OCT (LIV) investigation of normal and non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease (NAFLD) model mouse livers has revealed the high activity of lipid droplets, zonation structures, and inflammation that were not visible in conventional OCT imaging [127]. Here, the NAFLD models were 1-week and 2-week methionine cholinedeficient (MCD)-diet models, which were fed with a MCD diet for 1 and 2 weeks.…”

Renal tubular function and morphology revealed in kidney without labeling using three-dimensional dynamic optical coherence tomography

“…In the standard OCT intensity, the structure of the renal tissue cannot be identified and the tissue appears homogeneous [Figs. 1(a) vivo liver study 30 . In the LIV en face slice, small structural formations (yellow arrows) and some spatially isolated high-LIV spots (white arrowheads) are visible [Fig.…”

Label-free intratissue activity imaging of alveolar organoids with dynamic optical coherence tomography

“…Several DOCT methods have been demonstrated to visualize the magnitude [28,29], frequency [30][31][32], and time-correlation [28,33,34] of the intratissue and intracellular activities. DOCT has been applied to a variety of samples including human esophageal and cervical biopsies [32], ex vivo mouse or rat organs [29][30][31][34][35][36], in vivo zebrafish [37], in vitro cell culture [38], spheroid [28,39], mammaria organoid [40], and retinal organoid [41]. Among the DOCT techniques, logarithmic-intensity-variance (LIV) contrasts the fluctuation magnitude of the OCT signal intensity [28], and is expected to be sensitive to the magnitude of intratissue and intracellular motility.…”

“…Among the DOCT techniques, logarithmic-intensity-variance (LIV) contrasts the fluctuation magnitude of the OCT signal intensity [28], and is expected to be sensitive to the magnitude of intratissue and intracellular motility. In previous studies, LIV has revealed the functional structures of ex vivo mouse organs [35,36] and in vitro tumor spheroids [28,39].…”