Label free detection of specific protein binding using a microwave sensor

Salazar-Alvarez, Marcela; Korostynska, O.; Mason, Alex; Al-Shamma’a, Ahmed; Cooney, Jakki C.; Magner, Edmond; Tofail, Syed A. M.

doi:10.1039/c4an00909f

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Developing novel biochemical and biophysical techniques has led to advances not only in elucidating the molecular basis of biological functions but also in discovering targeted drug molecules . Kinetic analysis of protein binding in real time is fundamental to developing new drugs and medical treatments. − In parallel, detection of a target molecule without prelabeling steps has been highly advantageous for many practical applications due to not only its experimental ease but also the fact that the labeling can perturb binding events and results. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Label-Free Analysis of Multivalent Protein Binding Using Bioresponsive Nanogels and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)

Yang

Teoh

Yim

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Precise identification of protein–protein interactions is required to improve our understanding of biochemical pathways for biology and medicine. In physiology, how proteins interact with other proteins or small molecules is crucial for maintaining biological functions. For instance, multivalent protein binding (MPB), in which a ligand concurrently interacts with two or more receptors, plays a key role in regulating complex but accurate biological functions, and its interference is related to many diseases. Therefore, determining MPB and its kinetics has long been sought, which currently requires complicated procedures and instruments to distinguish multivalent binding from monovalent binding. Here, we show a method for quickly evaluating the MPB over monovalent binding and its kinetic parameters in a label-free manner. Engaging pNIPAm-co-AAc nanogels with MPB-capable moieties (e.g., PD-1 antigen and biocytin) permits a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) instrument to evaluate the MPB events by amplifying signals from the specific target molecules. Using our MPB-based method, PD-1 antibody that forms a type of MPB by complexing with two PD-1 proteins, which are currently used for cancer immunotherapy, is detectable down to a level of 10 nM. In addition, small multivalent cations (e.g., Ca2+, Fe2+, and Fe3+) are distinguishably measurable over monovalent cations (e.g., Na+ and K+) with the pNIPAm-co-AAc nanogels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Label-Free Analysis of Multivalent Protein Binding Using Bioresponsive Nanogels and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)

Yang

Teoh

Yim

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…EM wave sensors operating at microwave frequencies are seeing an increasing interest for minimally-invasive [2,3] and non-invasive [4][5][6] medical purposes. The sensors can typically be characterised as requiring low power (<1 mW) while retaining a good level of penetration into a target material that they may assess properties beneath a surface, even to determine a blood lactate level through the skin of a subject [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A549 Cells Measurements with Optical, Impedance and Microwave Spectroscopy

2018

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Lung cancer, especially lung adenocarcinoma, is one of the main causes of death worldwide. This paper reports on the real-time detection methods of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. The proposed approach is based on using optical, impedance and microwave spectroscopy in an attempt to develop an online tool that can be easily used for early cancer diagnostics and treatment monitoring not only in the hospital labs, but at point of care. Low power athermal electromagnetic waves as a sensing mechanism for early cancer detection showed a particular promise. The techniques were also applied to other cells, such as PC3, LL24, HLF, HACAT and DU145, to ensure selectivity of the sensors. Providing real-time information at point of care will be a significant leap on its own as it will dramatically increase screening capabilities.

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“…EM wave sensors operating at microwave frequencies are 229 seeing an increasing interest across a variety of applications, 230 including for measurements in the food industry [28]- [31], for 231 water analysis [33], as well as for in-vitro, minimally-invasive 232 [36], [37] and non-invasive [38]- [40] medical purposes. The 233 sensors can typically be characterised as requiring low power 234 (< 1 mW) while retaining a good level of penetration into a 235 target material so that they may assess properties beneath a 236 surface-in this case, determination of blood lactate through the 237 skin of a subject.…”

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confidence: 99%