Labdane Diterpenoid Glycosides from Alpinia densespicata and Their Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activities in Macrophages

Abstract

Four new labdane diterpene glycosides (1-4) named alpindenosides A, B, C, and D, two new norditerpene glycosides (5, 6) named noralpindenosides A and B, and three known flavonoid glycosides (7-9) have been isolated from the stems of Alpinia densespicata. Structural elucidation of compounds 1-6 was based on spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-9 all exhibited moderate NO inhibitory activities, whereas they were noncytotoxic at 20 microM against several human tumor cell lines.

An overview of chemical constituents from Alpinia species in the last six decades

“…2). They were divided into acyclic sesquiterpenoids (18 and 19), eremophilanes , eudesmanes , cadinanes (85-100), guaianes (101)(102)(103)(104)(105)(106)(107)(108)(109)(110)(111)(112)(113)(114)(115)(116)(117), caryophyllanes (118)(119)(120), bisabolanes (121)(122)(123)(124)(125)(126)(127)(128)(129)(130)(131)(132)(133)(134)(135)(136)(137), humulanes (138)(139)(140), drimane (141), elemane (142), carabrane (143), oplopanane (144), and others (145)(146)(147)(148)(149).…”

“…78 Rhizomes of A. intermedia Gagnep. provided hanalpinol peroxide (103), isohanalpinol (104), and aokumanol (105). 61 While A. intermedia Gagnep.…”

Anti-angiogenic effects of the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla

“…Anti-cancer or anti-inflammatory effects are reported from A. blepharocalyx (K.) (Ali et al, 2001a,b;Kadota et al, 2003;Tezuka et al, 2001), A. calcarata Rosc. (Kong et al, 2002), A. conchigera Griff (Lee et al, 2006;Sulaiman et al, 2009), A. densespicata Hayata (Kuo et al, 2009), and A. pricei Hayat (Yang et al, 2008;Yu et al, 2009).…”

Untitled

“…Chemical Constituents: Majority of the chemical compounds isolated from genus Alpinia has been shown multiple medical potentials and possess novel chemical structures 58,59 Other than above chemical constituents some glycosides 75 , lignins 76 , phenylpropanoids and volatile oils 77 were found in the genus Alpinia. A new katsumadain dimer named "katsumadain" has been isolated from Alpinia katsumadai 78 .…”