“Lab-on-Click” Detection of Illicit Drugs in Oral Fluids by MicroNIR–Chemometrics

Risoluti, Roberta; Gullifa, Giuseppina; Battistini, Alfredo; Materazzi, Stefano

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00197

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…New psychoactive substances (NPSs), formerly known as “legal highs”, are compounds (not necessarily new, but now growing at ∼100 per annum) that are abusedthey require new analytical methods, especially for point-of-care/in-the-field detection . Up-to-date testing of such illicit drugs in oral fluid is a major goal as it lacks an accurate method with suitable sensitivity that avoids false-positive and -negative responses . There is a clear need for accurate field testing of illicit drugs enabling immediate action to be taken at the scene .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists Detection Using Fluorescence Spectral Fingerprinting

et al. 2019

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Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs), termed “Spice” or “K2”, are molecules that emulate the effects of the active ingredient of marijuana, and they have gained enormous popularity over the past decade. SCRAs are Schedule 1 drugs that are highly prevalent in the U.K. prison system and among homeless populations. SCRAs are highly potent and addictive. With no way to determine the dose/amount at the point-of care, they pose severe health risks to users, including psychosis, stroke, epileptic seizures, and they can kill. SCRAs are chemically diverse, with over a hundred compounds used as recreational drugs. The chemical diversity of SCRA structures presents a challenge in developing detection modalities. Typically, GC-MS is used for chemical identification; however, this cannot be in place in most settings where detection is critical, e.g., in hospital Emergency Departments, in custody suites/prisons, or among homeless communities. Ideally, real time, point-of-care identification of SCRAs is desirable to direct the care pathway of overdoses and provide information for informed consent. Herein, we show that fluorescence spectral fingerprinting can be used to identify the likely presence of SCRAs, as well as provide more specific information on structural class and concentration (∼1 μg mL–1). We demonstrate that that fluorescence spectral fingerprints, combined with numerical modeling, can detect both parent and combusted material, and such fingerprinting is also practical for detecting them in oral fluids. Our proof-of-concept study suggests that, with development, the approach could be useful in a range of capacities, notably in harm reduction for users of Spice/K2.

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confidence: 99%

Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists Detection Using Fluorescence Spectral Fingerprinting

et al. 2019

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“…Los dispositivos automatizados para la identificación simultánea de más de una droga como COC, AMP y THC serían de elección 56 , ya que por su alta sensibilidad y especificidad las detecten de manera eficiente en concentraciones bajas de nanogramos por mililitro 57 .…”

Section: Revisión Y Discusiónunclassified

Detección de drogas en saliva: aspectos metodológicos y legales

Rotemberg

Picapedra

Kreiner

2022

Odontol Sanmarquina

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El análisis de drogas en saliva es una alternativa no invasiva para evidenciar su presencia en el organismo. La finalidad es amplia, pero se ha utilizado en medicina legal y forense, en especial para drogas ilícitas. La recolección de saliva no implica riesgo, ni personal especializado. El objetivo fue valorar diversos aspectos metodológicos y de validez del test de drogas en saliva para el diagnóstico de su consumo. Asimismo, se analizaron algunos aspectos relativos a la legislación de drogas. Las sustancias psicoactivas a evaluar fueron marihuana, cocaína, anfetaminas y opiáceos. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de Pubmed/MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, Scopus, SciELO y de literatura gris. La identificación de drogas en fluidos biológicos incluye técnicas inmunoquímicas, cromatográficas y procedimientos espectrométricos. Resultados positivos obtenidos mediante una técnica deberían confirmarse con un segundo análisis basado en distintos principios químicos o físicos. Se han detectado en saliva marihuana, cocaína, opiáceos y anfetaminas, entre otras, mediante métodos analíticos, como inmunoensayo y cromatografía de gases / espectrometría de masas en tándem. En el fluido oral, se pueden detectar drogas de abuso durante 5-48 horas posteriores al consumo, a un nivel bajo de nanogramos por mililitro. Se concluyó que la detección de drogas en saliva es una opción indicada ante sospecha de su consumo, por signos o síntomas que sugieren abuso de drogas o para la vigilancia del usuario en un centro de tratamiento por dependencia. En el aspecto legal el uso de test de drogas en saliva es una posibilidad para determinadas circunstancias.

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“…Many studies have been reported in the literature using portable NIR spectrometers with different analytical applications, from rapid identification of plastics 33 to fruit quality evaluation, 34 presenting the great advantage of being fast, simple, and nondestructive methodologies. Recently, Risoluti et al 35 used a MicroNIR spectrometer to design a "lab-on-click" platform to detect illicit drugs in nonpretreated oral fluids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Risoluti et al. 35 used a MicroNIR spectrometer to design a “lab-on-click” platform to detect illicit drugs in nonpretreated oral fluids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fast and low-cost approach to quality control of alcohol-based hand sanitizer using a portable near infrared spectrometer and chemometrics

Silva

Ribeiro

Vidal

et al. 2021

Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy

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The use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers is recommended as one of several strategies to minimize contamination and spread of the COVID-19 disease. Current reports suggest that the virucidal potential of ethanol occurs at concentrations close to 70%. Traditional methods of verifying the ethanol concentration in such products invite potential errors due to the viscosity of chemical components or may be prohibitively expensive to undertake in large demand. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics have already been used for the determination of ethanol in other matrices and present an alternative fast and reliable approach to quality control of alcohol-based hand sanitizers. In this study, a portable NIR spectrometer combined with classification chemometric tools, i.e., partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS–DA) and linear discriminant analysis with successive algorithm projection (SPA–LDA) were used to construct models to identify conforming and non-conforming commercial and laboratory synthesized hand sanitizer samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied in an exploratory data study. Three principal components accounted for 99% of data variance and demonstrate clustering of conforming and non-conforming samples. The PLS–DA and SPA–LDA classification models presented 77 and 100% of accuracy in cross/internal validation respectively and 100% of accuracy in the classification of test samples. A total of 43% commercial samples evaluated using the PLS–DA and SPA–LDA presented ethanol content non-conforming for hand sanitizer gel. These results indicate that use of NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics is a promising strategy, yielding a method that is fast, portable, and reliable for discrimination of alcohol-based hand sanitizers with respect to conforming and non-conforming ethanol concentrations.

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“Lab-on-Click” Detection of Illicit Drugs in Oral Fluids by MicroNIR–Chemometrics

Cited by 25 publications

References 31 publications

Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists Detection Using Fluorescence Spectral Fingerprinting

Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists Detection Using Fluorescence Spectral Fingerprinting

Detección de drogas en saliva: aspectos metodológicos y legales

A fast and low-cost approach to quality control of alcohol-based hand sanitizer using a portable near infrared spectrometer and chemometrics

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