Lab And/Or Field? Measuring Personality Processes and Their Social Consequences

Wrzus, Cornelia; Mehl, Matthias R.

doi:10.1002/per.1986

Cited by 194 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 165 publications

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“…Smartphone sensing methods are poised to address this gap in research by allowing researchers to collect records of naturalistic behavior relatively objectively and unobtrusively (Boase, 2013; Rachuri et al, 2010; Wrzus & Mehl, 2015). In doing so, these methods allow researchers to address some of the methodological shortcomings of retrospective self-reports and studies of behavior in artificial laboratory contexts (Baumeister et al, 2007; Funder, 2006; Furr, 2009; Paulhus & Vazire, 2007).…”

Section: Traditional Methods Of Collecting Behavioral Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Smartphones to Collect Behavioral Data in Psychological Science

Harari

Lane

Wang

et al. 2016

Perspect Psychol Sci

446

335

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Smartphones now offer the promise of collecting behavioral data unobtrusively, in situ, as it unfolds in the course of daily life. Data can be collected from the onboard sensors and other phone logs embedded in today’s off-the-shelf smartphone devices. These data permit fine-grained, continuous collection of people’s social interactions (e.g., speaking rates in conversation, size of social groups, calls, and text messages), daily activities (e.g., physical activity and sleep), and mobility patterns (e.g., frequency and duration of time spent at various locations). In this article, we have drawn on the lessons from the first wave of smartphone-sensing research to highlight areas of opportunity for psychological research, present practical considerations for designing smartphone studies, and discuss the ongoing methodological and ethical challenges associated with research in this domain. It is our hope that these practical guidelines will facilitate the use of smartphones as a behavioral observation tool in psychological science.

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Section: Traditional Methods Of Collecting Behavioral Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Smartphones to Collect Behavioral Data in Psychological Science

Harari

Lane

Wang

et al. 2016

Perspect Psychol Sci

446

335

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The development of robust mobile eye trackers, the emergence of commercial software for automated analyses of facial expressions (Olderbak, Hildebrandt, Pinkpank, Sommer, & Wilhelm, 2014), and the widespread dissemination of smart-phone and other kinds of ‘wearable’ technology afford additional opportunities for objectively, efficiently, and unobtrusively quantifying social attention and context, negative affect, and motivated behavior in situ (Gosling & Mason, 2015; Onnela & Rauch, 2016; Sano et al, 2015; Wrzus & Mehl, 2015). Combining these measures with laboratory assays of brain function would open the door to discovering the neural systems underlying persistent, contextually inappropriate negative affect and pathology-promoting behaviors (e.g., social withdrawal, avoidance, and hyper-vigilance) in the real world, close to clinically relevant end-points.…”

Section: An Integrative Perspective On the Processes Linking Dispositmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispositional negativity: An integrative psychological and neurobiological perspective.

Shackman¹,

Tromp²,

Stockbridge³

et al. 2016

Psychological Bulletin

206

208

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Dispositional negativity—the propensity to experience and express more frequent, intense, or enduring negative affect—is a fundamental dimension of childhood temperament and adult personality. Elevated levels of dispositional negativity can have profound consequences for health, wealth, and happiness, drawing the attention of clinicians, researchers, and policy makers. Here, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the psychological and neurobiological processes linking stable individual differences in dispositional negativity to momentary emotional states. Self-report data suggest that three key pathways—increased stressor reactivity, tonic increases in negative affect, and increased stressor exposure—explain most of the heightened negative affect that characterizes individuals with a more negative disposition. Of these three pathways, tonically elevated, indiscriminate negative affect appears to be most central to daily life and most relevant to the development of psychopathology. New behavioral and biological data provide insights into the neural systems underlying these three pathways and motivate the hypothesis that seemingly ‘tonic’ increases in negative affect may actually reflect increased reactivity to stressors that are remote, uncertain, or diffuse. Research focused on humans, monkeys, and rodents suggests that this indiscriminate negative affect reflects trait-like variation in the activity and connectivity of several key brain regions, including the central extended amygdala and parts of the prefrontal cortex. Collectively, these observations provide an integrative psychobiological framework for understanding the dynamic cascade of processes that bind emotional traits to emotional states and, ultimately, to emotional disorders and other kinds of adverse outcomes.

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“…J. Wilson, Smyth, & MacLean, 2014). The development of robust mobile eye trackers (e.g., Applied Science Laboratories’ Mobile Eye system), the emergence of commercial software for automated facial analytics (e.g., from Affectiva, Emotient, and Noldus; Olderbak, Hildebrandt, Pinkpank, Sommer, & Wilhelm, 2014), and the widespread dissemination of smart phone technology afford additional opportunities for objectively and unobtrusively quantifying social attention, context, and daily behavior (Gosling & Mason, 2015; Sano et al, 2015; Wrzus & Mehl, 2015). Combining these measures with laboratory assays of brain function would open the door to discovering the neural systems underlying maladaptive experiences and pathology-promoting behaviors (e.g., social withdrawal, avoidance, and hyper-vigilance) in the real world, close to clinical end-point (Price et al, 2016).…”

Section: Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neurobiology of Dispositional Negativity and Attentional Biases to Threat: Implications for Understanding Anxiety Disorders in Adults and Youth

Shackman

Stockbridge

Tillman

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology

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When extreme, anxiety can become debilitating. Anxiety disorders, which often first emerge early in development, are common and challenging to treat, yet the neurocognitive mechanisms that confer increased risk have only recently begun to come into focus. Here we review recent work highlighting the importance of neural circuits centered on the amygdala. We begin by describing dispositional negativity, a core dimension of childhood temperament and adult personality and an important risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders and other kinds of stress-sensitive psychopathology. Converging lines of epidemiological, neurophysiological, and mechanistic evidence indicate that the amygdala supports stable individual differences in dispositional negativity across the lifespan and contributes to the etiology of anxiety disorders in adults and youth. Hyper-vigilance and attentional biases to threat are prominent features of the anxious phenotype and there is growing evidence that they contribute to the development of psychopathology. Anatomical studies show that the amygdala is a hub, poised to govern attention to threat via projections to sensory cortex and ascending neuromodulatory systems. Imaging and lesion studies demonstrate that the amygdala plays a key role in selecting and prioritizing the processing of threat-related cues. Collectively, these observations provide a neurobiologically-grounded framework for understanding the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders in adults and youth and set the stage for developing improved intervention strategies.

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Lab And/Or Field? Measuring Personality Processes and Their Social Consequences

Cited by 194 publications

References 165 publications

Using Smartphones to Collect Behavioral Data in Psychological Science

Using Smartphones to Collect Behavioral Data in Psychological Science

Dispositional negativity: An integrative psychological and neurobiological perspective.

The Neurobiology of Dispositional Negativity and Attentional Biases to Threat: Implications for Understanding Anxiety Disorders in Adults and Youth

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