“…grains was not considered. The TPB is calculated If the median particle size of LSF, 55 nm is used, the number of particles on area-specific boundary will be 17.5±1.5) m -2 and, 25.5±1 m -2 and the TPB density will be 35±3 m -2 and 51±2 m -2 for the scaffolds from the U1 and U2 powder, respectively, since each LSF particle will produce 2 TPBs [42,43]. These values are very similar to the reported result of Zhan [44] The activation energy, Ea, of the Rs values are very close to each other and slightly lower than that of pure 8YSZ, 1.0 eV, implying the existence of the lateral resistance from the electrode.…”