The Provence Chain incorporated preexisting halokinetic and basement features which have played a key role in the structural evolution of the thrust systems. Field structural data, previously published geological maps and exploration well data have been used to interpret a new ~80 km-long balanced and restored cross section across the eastern Provence fold-thrust Diapiric structures were mainly eroded during and after the Pyrenean-Provence compression then reactivated during Oligocene extension and Miocene to present-day Alpine compression. Cross section balancing shows a total horizontal shortening of 28.5 km related to the Pyrenean-Provence and Alpine compressions. The eastern Provence fold-thrust belt integrates preexisting halokinetic folding which can be misinterpreted as resulting to compression. This suggests that a significant amount of folding in fold-thrust belts can results from an early halokinetic fold system developed during the pre-contractional passive margin evolution.