“…Yet, they all shared a well-defined epistemological and methodological approach that relied on critical rationalism, critical empiricism, and on a special consideration of the study of sources (which entailed attention to disciplines such as philology and textual criticism). Throughout the first and second halves of the 20 th century, this group asserted itself as the vanguard of the philosophy and history of science in Italy, training a number of renowned academics such as Ludovico Geymonat (1908-1991), Giulio Preti (1911-1972), Mario Dal Pra (1914-1992), Paolo Rossi (1923-2012), Fulvio Papi (1930-), Evandro Agazzi (1934, and many others. 8 It was essentially (although not exclusively) from such a philosophical background that the new wave of Italian studies in the history of science later arose.…”