La₃BaSi₅N₉O₂:Ce³⁺ – A Yellow Phosphor with an Unprecedented Tetrahedra Network Structure Investigated by Combination of Electron Microscopy and Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction

Abstract

Due to the relationship between structure and luminescence properties, detailed crystal structure determination for microcrystalline phosphors is necessary for a profound understanding of materials properties. The yellow phosphor La 3 BaSi 5 N 9 O 2 :Ce 3+ (λ max = 578 nm; fwhm ∼4700 cm −1 ) was characterized by a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and synchrotron microfocus diffraction as only agglomerates of crystals with a maximum size of a few μm could be obtained yet. La 3 BaSi 5 N 9 O 2 :Ce 3+ was synthesized from LaF 3 , La(NH 2 ) 3 , BaH 2 , Si(NH) 2 , and CeF 3 in a radio frequency furnace. It crystallizes in space group Pmn2 1 (no. 31) with a = 9.5505(8), b = 19.0778(16), c = 12.1134(9) Å, and Z = 8. Its interrupted three-dimensional tetrahedra network contains zehner and dreier rings of vertex-sharing SiN 4 and SiN 2 O 2 tetrahedra. The crystal structure was confirmed by high-resolution TEM and Z-contrast scanning TEM. The element distribution was derived by bond-valence sum calculations. The infrared spectrum proves the absence of N−H bonds.

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Process Engineering Aspects of Vertical Column Photobioreactors for Mass Production of Microalgae

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