La sécheresse en Dauphiné (1920-1921)

Blanchard, Raoul

doi:10.3406/rga.1922.1726

Cited by 8 publications

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“…It occurred mainly at low altitudes, as found by Lingg (1986), because it was a particularly dry year in the Dauphiné region (Blanchard 1922), that affected the southern area (Maurienne valley) less. Furthermore, the soils in Tarentaise are podzolic, with a higher stone content and with more sand (revealed by granulometry analysis) leading to a lower water reserve capacity (Fig.…”

Section: Observed Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Influence of species and abiotic factors on extreme tree ring modulation:

Desplanque

Rolland

Schweingruber

1999

Trees

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The influence of biotic (tree species) and abiotic factors (regional climate, altitude and stand aspect) on extreme tree-ring widths is dendroecologically investigated. Negative pointer years are observed when abrupt radial growth reductions (exceeding 40%) occurred synchronously in a given tree population. Pointer year intensity is expected to follow several theoretical models when trees are sampled along ecological gradients in various site conditions. Hypotheses are made about expected patterns of pointer year spatial distribution. They are compared with observed results obtained with Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) sampled in two French Alpine valleys (Tarentaise and Maurienne) with different regional climates, on two aspects and three altitude levels. Results reveal that extreme years follow expected patterns well. Thus, clear site modulations are observed in 1956 and 1986 (only trees located in Maurienne reacted). Moreover, species differences are observed, with typical cases of single species sensitivity (for spruce, occurring in 1962 and 1992). Abiotic factors such as altitude and aspect also involve clear pointer year patterns, such as narrow rings in 1976 due to summer drought that occurred especially at lower altitudes. However, some observed extreme years sometimes appear to be a combination of two (or three) of these one-factor theoretical models (e.g. 1921 with both lower altitude level and only observed in Tarentaise; 1948 involving both higher altitude and northern slopes). These results demonstrate the consistency of various tree-ring and climate relationships along ecological gradients.& k w d : Key words Dendroecology · White fir · Norway spruce · Climate · Drought& b d y :

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Section: Observed Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Influence of species and abiotic factors on extreme tree ring modulation:

Desplanque

Rolland

Schweingruber

1999

Trees

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“…The principal motivation to focus on 1921 is that this 100year old climatic extreme is the driest year since the start of the 20th century for Europe in terms of area affected (van der Schrier et al, 2006;Hanel et al, 2018). The drought of 1921 affected a large part of Europe and extended east up to the Volga region and Ural mountains (Cook et al, 2020) where it contributed to the famine in Russia of -1922(Fisher, 1927. With the recent dry years in Europe (Rebetez et al, 2006;Barriopedro etal., 2011;Buitink et al, 2020) and the discussion in the literature of a possible increase in drought frequency or severity (Trenberth et al, 2014;Spinoni et al, 2018), a complete and detailed record of historic droughts is needed to put recent events in perspective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the recent dry years in Europe (Rebetez et al, 2006;Barriopedro etal., 2011;Buitink et al, 2020) and the discussion in the literature of a possible increase in drought frequency or severity (Trenberth et al, 2014;Spinoni et al, 2018), a complete and detailed record of historic droughts is needed to put recent events in perspective. An early overview of the 1921 drought for Europe is provided by Eredia (1923) of which an English summary is provided by Bonacina (1923), for the British Isles by Brooks and Glasspoole (1922) and for the French Dauphine region by Blanchard (1922). More recently Brázdil et al (2015) analysed the 1921 drought for the Czech Republic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 1921 European drought: impacts, reconstruction and drivers

et al. 2021

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Abstract. The European drought of 1921 is assessed in terms of its impacts on society and in terms of its physical characteristics. The development of impacts of the drought are categorized by a systematic survey of newspaper reports from five European newspapers covering the area from England to the Czech Republic and other parts of Europe. This is coupled to a reconstruction of daily temperature and precipitation based on meteorological measurements to quantify the drought severity and extent, and reanalysis data are used to identify its drivers. This analysis shows that the first impacts of the drought started to appear in early spring and lingered on until well into autumn and winter, affecting water supply and agriculture and livestock farming. The dominant impact in western Europe is on agriculture and livestock farming while in central Europe the effects of wildfires were reported on most often. The peak in the number of reports is in late summer. Preceding the first impacts was the dry autumn of 1920 and winter 1920–1921. The area hardest hit by the drought in the following spring and summer was the triangle between Brussels, Paris and Lyon, but a vast stretch of the continent, from Ireland to the Ukraine, was affected. The reported impacts on water supply and water-borne transport in that region were matched by an analysis of the hydrological situation over the Seine catchment. On average, the 1921 summer was not particularly hot, but the heatwave which was observed at the end of July saw temperatures matching those of the heatwaves in modern summers. Similar to modern droughts, an anticyclone was present roughly over the British Isles, maintaining sunny and dry weather in Europe and steering away cyclones to the north. Its persistence makes it exceptional in comparison to modern droughts. The 1921 drought stands out as the most severe and most widespread drought in Europe since the start of the 20th century. The precipitation deficit in all seasons was large, but in none of the seasons in 1920 and 1921 was the precipitation deficit the largest on record. The severity of the 1921 drought relates to the conservative nature of drought which amplifies the lack of precipitation in autumn and winter into the following spring and summer.

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“…CC BY 4.0 License. (1923), for the British Isles by Brooks and Glasspoole (1922) and for the French Dauphine region by Blanchard (1922). More recently Brázdil et al (2015) analysed the 1921 drought for the Czech Republic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 1921 European drought: Impacts, reconstruction and drivers

Schrier¹,

Allan²,

Ossó³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. The European drought of 1921 is assessed in terms of its impacts on society and in terms of its physical characteristics. The development of impacts of the drought are categorized by a systematic survey of newspaper reports from five European newspapers covering the area from England to the Czech Republic and other parts of Europe. This is coupled to a reconstruction of daily temperature and precipitation based on (rescued) meteorological measurements to quantify the drought severity and extent, and reanalysis data is used to identify its drivers. This analysis shows that the first impacts of the drought started to appear in early spring and lingered on until well into autumn and winter, affecting water supply and agriculture and livestock farming. The dominant impact in western Europe is on agriculture and livestock farming while in central Europe the effects of wildfires were reported on most often. The peak in the number of reports is in late summer. Preceeding the first impacts was the dry autumn of 1920 and winter 1920/1921. The area hardest hit by the drought in the following spring and summer was the triangle between Brussels, Paris and Lyon, but a vast stretch of the continent, from Ireland to the Ukraine, was affected. The reported impacts on water supply and water borne transport in that region were matched by an analysis of the hydrological situation over the Seine catchment. On average, the 1921 summer was not particularly hot but the heat wave which was observed at the end of July saw temperatures matching those of the heatwaves in modern summers. Similar to modern droughts, an anticyclone was present roughly over the British Isles, maintaining sunny and dry weather in Europe and steering away cyclones to the north. Its persistence makes it exceptional in comparison to modern droughts. The 1921 drought stands-out as the most severe and most wide-spread drought in Europe since the start of the 20th century. While none of the seasons in 1920 and 1921 tops the scale of having the largest precipitation deficit on record, the conservative nature of drought amplifies the lack of precipitation in autumn and winter into the following spring and summer.

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La sécheresse en Dauphiné (1920-1921)

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of species and abiotic factors on extreme tree ring modulation:

Influence of species and abiotic factors on extreme tree ring modulation:

The 1921 European drought: impacts, reconstruction and drivers

The 1921 European drought: Impacts, reconstruction and drivers

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