La renovación de la atención primaria de salud en las Américas

Abstract

At the 2003 meeting of the Directing Council of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the PAHO Member States issued a mandate to strengthen primary health care (Resolution CD44. R6). The mandate led in 2005 to the document "Renewing Primary Health Care in the Americas. A Position Paper of the Pan American Health Organization/WHO [World Health Organization]," and it culminated in the Declaration of Montevideo, an agreement among the governments of the Region of the Americas to renew their commitment to primary health care (PHC). Scientific data have shown that PHC, regarded as the basis of all the health systems in the Region, is a key component of effective health systems and can be adapted to the range of diverse social, cultural, and economic conditions that exist. The new, global health paradigm has given rise to changes in the population's health care needs. Health services and systems must adapt to address these changes. Building on the legacy of the International Conference on Primary Health Care, held in 1978 in Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), PAHO proposes a group of strategies critical to adopting PHC-based health care systems based on the principles of equity, solidarity, and the right to the highest possible standard of health. The main objective of the strategies is to develop and/or strengthen PHC-based health systems in the entire Region of the Americas. A substantial effort will be required on the part of health professionals, citizens, governments, associations, and agencies. This document explains the strategies that must be employed at the national, subregional, Regional, and global levels.

Primary health care as assessed by health professionals: comparison of the traditional model versus the Family Health Strategy

“…The performance of the PHC was measured by the PCATool designed for managers and health professionals 7,[16][17][18] . It contains approximately 100 questions, divided into eight attributes (accessibility, longitudinality, comprehensiveness, family focus, professional formation, first-contact, coordination and community orientation [7][8][9]12,16,17,21 ), containing a variable number of questions. Within each attribute, respondents must answer on an increasing six-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (never) to 5 (always), with the exception of two questions on the accessibility attribute which adopt a decreasing scale and must therefore be converted for analysis.…”

Caracterización del desarrollo psicomotor de niños y niñas con cáncer

“…Sabiendo, a través de las materias dispuestas por la OMS (Macinko, Montenegro, Nebot, & Etienne, 2007) que el desarrollo infantil temprano continúa influyendo en las personas en todo su ciclo vital, la intervención temprana en este medio no solo pondría atajo en esta alteración, sino que podría devolverle al niño o niña en tratamiento o ya tratado por cáncer, una herramienta fundamental para enfrentarse a las competencias de la vida en sociedad.…”

Articulação das ações e interação dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde na equipe de Saúde da Família

“…The renewed PHC stands out with the establishment of essential values, principles and elements, while equity and solidarity are aspects to be pursued. The renewed PHC approach is intended to guide the transformation of health systems with a legal, institutional, and organizational basis, and human, financial resources that are technologically sustainable and appropriate to cultural, social, political and economic aspects of each country and region (2)(3) .…”