La propensión exportadora de la economía social andaluza: análisis clúster

Abstract

Resumen. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar los factores internos (tamaño, presupuesto de innovación, ventas en el exterior, incremento de la exportación y comercio electrónico) y los factores externos (sector económico) que condicionan la propensión exportadora de las empresas de Economía Social. Se dimensionó la propensión exportadora utilizando el método inductivo y aplicando varios análisis estadísticos (inferencias y análisis clúster) a una muestra de cooperativas y sociedades laborales en un límite territorial, Andalucía, y en dos momentos puntuales del tiempo, 2002 y 2013. Como resultado se identificó dos segmentos de empresas que, una vez caracterizados, proporcionan modelos de exportación. Los resultados probaron disparidad en dos clúster andaluces de Economía Social con actividad exterior, y un incremento de la propensión exportadora, especialmente, entre las entidades del sector primario y de mayor dimensión empresarial. Palabras clave: Exportación; Innovación; Cooperativas; Sociedades Laborales; Andalucía. Claves Econlit: F43; M16; P13; R12.[en] The exporting propensity of the social andalusian economy: analysis cluster Abstract. This study aimed to determine the internal factors (size, budget innovation, overseas sales, increase export and e-commerce) and external factors (economic sector) that determine the export propensity of Social Economy companies. The export propensity was sized using the inductive method and applying various statistical analyzes (inferences and cluster analysis) to a sample of cooperatives and labour societies in a territorial limit, Andalusia, and two specific points in time, 2002 and 2013. As a result, two segments of companies were identified that once they were characterized, provide us export models. The results proved disparity in two Andalusian Social Economy clusters with external activity and increased export propensity, especially among the entities of the primary sector and with a greater business dimension.

The challenges of managing across borders in worker cooperatives: Insights from the Mondragon cooperative group

“…However, as mounting empirical evidence demonstrates (e.g., Novkovic & Sena, 2007;McMurtry & Reed, 2009;Siebel, 2016), globalization pressures have pushed many co-ops to go global through the setting-up of subsidiaries, thus turning into multinational companies (MNCs). In this context, a burgeoning literature about multinational co-ops has emerged, chiefly focusing on business issues such as the degree of internationalization (Heyder, Makus, & Theuvsen, 2011;Bijman, Pyykkönen, & Ollila, 2014), strategies followed to access foreign markets (Pérez-Suárez & Espasandín-Bustelo, 2014;Bijman et al, 2014;Pérez-Suárez, Sánchez-Torné, & Espasandín-Bustelo, 2017), enhanced economic performance and competitiveness (Amat & Perramon, 2011;Heyder et al, 2011), or organizational and commercial innovations achieved through global expansion and networking (Juliá, Meliá, & García-Martínez, 2012;Pérez-Suárez & Espasandín-Bustelo, 2014).…”