La peste en Algérie : à propos de cinq souches de Yersinia pestis isolées lors de l’épidémie de juin 2003

Lounici, M.; Lazri, M.; Rahal, K

doi:10.1016/j.patbio.2003.11.002

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

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Long-term persistence of virulent Yersinia pestis in soil

et al. 2008

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Plague is characterized by geographical foci from which it re-emerges after decades of silence, a fact currently explained by enzootic and epizootic cycles between plague-susceptible and plagueresistant rodents. To assess the potential role of soil in plague epidemiology, we experimentally investigated whether Yersinia pestis could persist alive and virulent in soil. Sterilized soil inoculated with virulent Y. pestis biotype Orientalis was regularly sampled for 40 weeks in duplicate. Each sample was observed by acridine orange staining and immunofluorescence using an anti-Y. pestis polyclonal antibody, and DNA was extracted for PCR amplification and sequencing of the Y. pestis ureD, caf1 and pla genes. All samples were inoculated onto selective agar, and samples from soil that had been incubated for 10, 60, 165, 210 and 280 days were also inoculated into each of two BALB/c female mice. The mouse experiment was performed in triplicate. Non-inoculated, sterilized soil samples were used as negative controls. Microorganisms fluorescing orange and detected by immunofluorescence were identified as Y. pestis in all samples. They were recovered in pure agar cultures for up to 30 weeks but thereafter were contaminated with Pseudomonas spp. Soil that had been inoculated with Y. pestis proved to be fully virulent in mice, which died with Y. pestis septicaemia and multiple organ involvement. Negative control mice showed no signs of disease. These data indicate that Y. pestis biotype Orientalis can remain viable and fully virulent after 40 weeks in soil. This study is a first step on which to base further investigations of a potential telluric reservoir for Y. pestis, which could represent an alternative mechanism for the maintenance of plague foci.

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Long-term persistence of virulent Yersinia pestis in soil

et al. 2008

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Exposure

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Current perspectives on the spread of plague in Africa

Lotfy¹

2015

RRTM

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Plague is a zoonotic disease which has been responsible for a number of high-mortality epidemics throughout the recorded human history. This review was carried out with the aim of evaluating the current situation of human plague in Africa. The disease was reported from at least 28 countries in the continent, among them eight countries are currently with active human foci. The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Madagascar are the countries with the highest endemicity in the world. A unique gathering of factors involved in the disease re-emergence in other parts of the world is present in Madagascar. The risk factors affecting persistence and spread of plague in the country were briefly reviewed. Based on the data presented, it was concluded that all African countries should be concerned by the possible emergence/re-emergence of the disease. It is crucial to implement some preventive measures in these countries. These measures include surveillance of suspected natural foci, rodent and insect eradication campaigns, and public health education.

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La peste en Algérie : à propos de cinq souches de Yersinia pestis isolées lors de l’épidémie de juin 2003

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Long-term persistence of virulent Yersinia pestis in soil

Long-term persistence of virulent Yersinia pestis in soil

References

Current perspectives on the spread of plague in Africa

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