La neuroplasticidad como un potencial sustrato en abordajes terapéuticos del trastorno por consumo de sustancias de abuso: una revisión narrativa en modelos animales y estudios clínicos

Abstract

Introduction: substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a public health problem that presents a need for innovation in therapeutic approaches. Considering the vast evidence of changes in neuroplasticity within the brain reward circuit, which is responsible for encoding the learning of substance use, it has been proposed to modulate neuroplasticity as a substrate in therapeutic approaches against addictions. Objective: analyze the recent available literature on the research of neuroplasticity as a therapeutic substrate for SUD. Method: a narrative review was carried out on articles indexed in the PubMed and Scopus databases from the last 5 years referring to neuroplasticity and the treatment of SUD. Results: the identified studies showed changes in the substance use learning process in animal models through various neuromodulation techniques, as well as proposals to reduce anxiety and relapses due to consumption through pharmacotherapy and non-invasive neuromodulation techniques in humans. Discussion and conclusions: although SUD treatment generates heterogeneous responses due to the nature of this condition, it is possible to offer therapeutic options with greater effectiveness by understanding the neuroplasticity changes associated with different drugs and neurostimulation techniques.