LA-ICP-MS trace element geochemistry of garnets: Constraints on hydrothermal fluid evolution and genesis of the Xinqiao Cu–S–Fe–Au deposit, eastern China

Zhang, Yu; Shao, Yongjun; Wu, Chengdong; Chen, Huayong

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.03.005

Cited by 69 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Uranium in both Grt1 and Grt2 has an obviously positive correlation with LREE (Figure 8b (Figure 8f), implying a similar substitution mechanism for LREEs in the Xinqiao garnet. Additionally, previous studies have documented that garnet has the distinct ability to fractionate REEs [11], which is evidenced in the Xinqiao garnet [18]. The positive correlation between U and LREEs (Figure 8b-f) further indicates that U is hosted within the garnet structure.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Uranium In the Garnetmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Ore Deposit Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Field geologic and petrographic observations indicate that ore minerals in the stratiform orebody include magnetite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and hematite, whereas gangue minerals include primarily garnet, diopside, wollastonite, epidote, chlorite, quartz, and calcite. Detailed field investigation indicates that the wallrock alteration products of the hanging wall of the stratiform orebody include garnet, sericite, quartz, chlorite, and kaolinite, with silicic alteration developed in the footwall of the orebody [18,35,50,52]. Based on mineral assemblages and textural relationships, the Xinqiao mineralization was divided into five stages [18,35], namely, early skarn (Stage I, dominated by garnet and diopside), late skarn (Stage II, featured by abundant epidote), metallic oxide (Stage III, dominated by hematite and magnetite), colloform pyrite (Stage IV, dominated by colloform pyrite) and quartz-sulfide (Stage V, featuring abundant quartz, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and gold occurring as Au nanoparticles in pyrite).…”

Section: Ore Deposit Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to quartz and calcite, late epidote also strongly replaces garnet, pyroxene, and wollastonite (Figure 4e-g), and occurs locally as pseudomorphs of garnet (Figure 4e). was divided into five stages [18,35], namely, early skarn (Stage I, dominated by garnet and diopside), late skarn (Stage II, featured by abundant epidote), metallic oxide (Stage III, dominated by hematite and magnetite), colloform pyrite (Stage IV, dominated by colloform pyrite) and quartz-sulfide (Stage V, featuring abundant quartz, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and gold occurring as Au nanoparticles in pyrite).…”

Section: Sample Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, garnet originating from submarine sedimentary exhalation is commonly almandine-and/or spessartine-rich due to the abundance of Mn and Fe on the seafloor [66,67]. The Xinqiao garnets were formed from grossularandradite solid solution with low MnO (0.19-0.89%; [18]). Melt and fluid-melt inclusions are suggested to be a direct indicator for magmatic garnets [68][69][70], yet they were not found in the garnets from the stratiform orebody [71].…”

Section: Origin Of the Garnetmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dating Ore Deposit Using Garnet U–Pb Geochronology: Example from the Xinqiao Cu–S–Fe–Au Deposit, Eastern China

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The large Xinqiao Cu-S-Fe-Au deposit in the Tongling ore district, Eastern China, is characterized by a large-scale stratiform orebody, in which garnet is widely distributed as the main gangue mineral associated with mineralization. Xinqiao garnet can be divided into early (Grt1) and late (Grt2) generations based on extensive back-scattered electron (BSE) imaging observations. Laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS trace element and U-Pb isotope composition analyses indicate that uranium occurs homogeneously within the Xinqiao garnet, and Grt1 and Grt2 have weighted average 207 Pb-corrected 206 Pb/ 238 U ages of 137.0 ± 7.8 Ma (Mean standard weighted deviation (MSWD) = 4.9) and 129.6 ± 7.1 Ma (MSWD = 1.6), respectively, similar to the zircon U-Pb age (139.6 ± 1.5 Ma) of the Jitou intrusion. These garnet U-Pb ages, combined with the low MnO content and various Y/Ho ratios, suggest that the Xinqiao garnet is likely to have a magmatic hydrothermal replacement origin associated with the Jitou stock. Based on previous studies of the Xinqiao deposit, we infer that the Xinqiao stratiform orebody may have formed from the Early Cretaceous magmatic hydrothermal fluids associated with the Jitou stock, and may have been generated by the Early Cretaceous tectono-thermal event in Eastern China.

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Section: Occurrence Of Uranium In the Garnetmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Ore Deposit Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ore Deposit Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Origin Of the Garnetmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dating Ore Deposit Using Garnet U–Pb Geochronology: Example from the Xinqiao Cu–S–Fe–Au Deposit, Eastern China

et al. 2018

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Using titanite to constrain geochronology and physicochemical conditions of hydrothermal mineralization events: A case study of the Duotoushan Fe–Cu deposit, Eastern Tianshan, NW China

Zhang

Chen

2022

Geological Journal

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As a common Ca‐ and Ti‐ bearing silicate mineral in many types of hydrothermal deposits, titanite usually contains high concentrations of trace elements. Its mineral chemistry and U–Pb isotope can reveal the physicochemical conditions and geochronology of the ore‐forming systems. In this contribution, we present a detailed study on titanite which precipitated during the Fe mineralization in the Duotoushan deposit. Due to coexistence with hydrothermal minerals, low Th/U ratios (0.02–0.3), and depletion in rare earth elements (REE), all the studied titanites are classified into a hydrothermal group. The negative correlation between [REE3+ + (Al, Fe)3+] and [Ca2+ + Ti4+] indicates that REE mainly entered the lattice of titanite via the mechanism of substitution. In addition, titanite grains are characterized by HREE, Zr, and Nb enrichments with LREE depletion, suggesting that the complexation of F− at neutral to alkaline pH conditions may have caused the fractionation of REE. At Duotoushan, the titanite grains coexist with quartz, epidote, amphibole, and magnetite, and exhibit positive Eu anomalies (δEu = 1.04–1.31) but lack Ce anomalies, indicating that ore‐forming fluids may have been derived from a relatively low oxygen fugacity and high fH2O environment. Titanite yielded an in‐situ U–Pb lower‐intercept age of 307.2 ± 4.8 Ma (MSWD = 0.97), consistent with the syn‐ore amphibole 40Ar‐39Ar plateau age (305 ± 6 Ma). Since the mineralization ages are obviously younger than country rocks, the previous syn‐sedimentary ore‐forming model for Duotoushan Fe–Cu mineralization can be excluded. Integrating the characteristics from ore deposit geology, periods of mineralization events, and spatial–temporal distribution of magmatism, we proposed that the Duotoushan Fe–Cu mineralization event may be linked with a hidden granite in its orefield.

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Genesis of the Lamasu large skarn Cu deposit, northern Xinjiang: Constraints from garnet U–Pb dating, micro‐textural and geochemical analyses

Wang,

Liu,

Lai

et al. 2023

Geological Journal

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The Lamasu deposit is the first large copper (Cu) deposit with ~0.6 Mt Cu reserve in the Chinese Western Tianshan Orogen (NW China). The Cu orebodies are mainly hosted in the exoskarn of the Proterozoic Kusongmuqieke Group. Now, the metallogenic mechanism of newly discovered skarn Cu orebodies (0.5 Mt Cu) remains poorly constrained. In this study, we conducted LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb isotope dating, EPMA and LA‐ICP‐MS geochemical analyses on different generations of garnet from Lamasu to elucidate the magmatic hydrothermal evolution and its timing. Garnets from the Lamasu exoskarn can be divided into three types: reddish‐brown coarse‐grained Grt‐I, light brown fine‐grained Grt‐II and yellowish‐green heterogranular Grt‐III, with U–Pb age of 389.1 ± 2.0 Ma, 387.1 ± 1.8 Ma and 387.0 ± 2.3 Ma, respectively. These dates represent the oldest Cu mineralization age in the Chinese Western Tianshan, coeval with the Middle Devonian subduction of the North Tianshan oceanic plate. Grt‐I to Grt‐III particles are mainly andradite with minor grossularite, and they have different REE compositions. The Grt‐I has total REE contents (∑REE) of 101.47 to 262.87 ppm, with steeply right‐inclining REE distribution patterns (LREE/HREE of 3.81 to 68.50) and positive Eu anomaly. The Grt‐II core has ∑REE of 163.49–249.52 ppm, LREE/HREE of 2.00–4.71, and negative Eu anomaly. The Grt‐II rim has ∑REE of 46.34–99.99 ppm, with LREE/HREE of 18.06–177.23, and positive Eu anomaly. The ∑REE of Grt‐III range from 31.71 to 219.02 ppm, with flat REE distribution pattern and positive Eu anomaly, and the LREE/HREE ranges from 2.16 to 9.07. These garnets have similar trace element compositions, featured by LILE‐depletions (e.g., Rb, Ba and Sr) and HFSE enrichments (e.g., Th, U, Nb and Ce). Micro‐texture and geochemical composition of garnets indicate that the Lamasu magmatic hydrothermal system could have changed from an open to a closed environment, and from infiltration metasomatism to diffusive metasomatism, which formed Grt‐I, Grt‐II and Grt‐III successively. These garnets generally formed in a relatively oxidized fluid environment, which inhibited early sulphide precipitation and favoured for Cu enrichment during the ore fluid evolution.

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LA-ICP-MS trace element geochemistry of garnets: Constraints on hydrothermal fluid evolution and genesis of the Xinqiao Cu–S–Fe–Au deposit, eastern China

Cited by 69 publications

References 52 publications

Dating Ore Deposit Using Garnet U–Pb Geochronology: Example from the Xinqiao Cu–S–Fe–Au Deposit, Eastern China

Dating Ore Deposit Using Garnet U–Pb Geochronology: Example from the Xinqiao Cu–S–Fe–Au Deposit, Eastern China

Using titanite to constrain geochronology and physicochemical conditions of hydrothermal mineralization events: A case study of the Duotoushan Fe–Cu deposit, Eastern Tianshan, NW China

Genesis of the Lamasu large skarn Cu deposit, northern Xinjiang: Constraints from garnet U–Pb dating, micro‐textural and geochemical analyses

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