LA-ICP-MS Analysis of Prehistoric Copper and Bronze Metalwork from Armenia

Peterson, David L.; Dudgeon, John; Tromp, Monica; Bobokhyan, Arsen

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49894-1_8

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Dussubieux and Walker, 2015;Garrido and Li, 2017), as well as in Europe (e.g. Dylan, 2012;Peterson et al, 2017;Powell et al, 2017), including the Mediterranean (e.g. Charalambous, 2014;Charalambous et al, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Technological Changes in Copper-Based Metals Using Portable XRF Analysis. A Case Study in Sicily

Vianello¹,

Tykot²

2017

Open Archaeology

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Abstract:The introduction of copper-based metals in Sicily appears to have been a particularly late and slow process. A program of pXRF analyses on early metals in Sicily has revealed the use of mostly copper, and a very late introduction of tin. Copper had been in use and extracted in northern Italy since the Late Neolithic (ca. 3500 BC), and spread across the Italian peninsula after that. Yet, copper became widespread in Sicily only in the Bronze Age (ca. 2200-1050 BC), despite some early arrivals. The story of the introduction of copper-based metals in Italy acquires a new layer of complexity and the southwestern corner is providing a fuller perspective of the transmission of metal technology across Italy. This study of about 100 artifacts from Sicily tests the hypothesis that metallurgy and metals became important at a later time compared to other Mediterranean areas.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Technological Changes in Copper-Based Metals Using Portable XRF Analysis. A Case Study in Sicily

Vianello¹,

Tykot²

2017

Open Archaeology

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“…Generally, the determination of the chemical composition of slags is done using X‐ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDX) whereas X‐ray diffraction (XRD) is very useful for phase determination. For estimation of trace elements in ancient metals in ppm and ppb, inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and laser ablation‐ICP‐MS have been very useful 8 . It aids in the identification of isotopes and elemental analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For estimation of trace elements in ancient metals in ppm and ppb, inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and laser ablation‐ICP‐MS have been very useful. 8 It aids in the identification of isotopes and elemental analysis. ICP‐MS has proven to be a very useful tool for determining trace elements because the detection limits are extremely low, ranging from parts per million to parts per billion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeometallurgical characterisation of ancient copper slags from pre‐Harappan site, Kunal, India

Kanth

Singh²,

Mani

2022

Analytical Science Advances

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The copper slags collected during the excavation of the Early Harappan period site at Kunal in northern India were studied to understand the advancement of smelting technology and the achieved smelting temperature in the furnace by undertaking archaeometallurgical characterisation of the slags. In this research, two types of slags such as slag with glassy appearance and granulated slag were selected for the study. The microscopic structure and distribution of slag components were investigated using optical microscopy and phase determination was done by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Chemical characterization of the slags was conducted using scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry to build a complete chemical profile of the slags. Fayalite and magnetite were the dominant phases in the glassy slag; however, the granulated slag showed the dominance of calcite as secondary phase which reflected the dolomitic stoichiometry of the slag. The presence of dominant fayalite mineral phase as detected by XRD and higher concentration of iron as detected by XRF indicated the reducing environment during the smelting process. In this study, the absence of sulphur is reported which is unique to the ancient copper slag.

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“…The measured minor and trace element abundances and ratios of bronze artefacts have a great potential to provide provenance to raw material of such artefacts (e.g., Heginbotham, 2018; Peterson et al, 2016; Radivojevic et al, 2019, passim ). Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) is a widely applied technique to quantify trace and minor element abundances in a wide variety of materials (Koch & Günther, 2007; Leach & Hieftje, 2002; Možná et al, 2006), including bronze and brass materials (Burger et al, 2017; Cattin et al, 2011; Dussubieux et al, 2008; Peterson et al, 2016). Such studies, however, are often complicated by the matrix effects that occur during analyses of Cu targets and limited availability of matrix‐matched standards that contain the appropriate amounts of the elements of interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the CHARM Cu‐alloy reference materials using excimer ns‐LA‐ICP‐MS: Assessment of matrix effects and applicability to artefact provenancing

et al. 2021

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Excimer nano‐second laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ns‐LA‐ICP‐MS) is an important tool in chemical characterization of Cu alloys. However, variable matrix‐induced elemental fractionation in Cu alloys poses a significant challenge. We systematically investigate this issue by analysing the Cultural Heritage Alloy Reference Material Set (CHARM) of Cu alloy targets. The extent to which silicate glass reference materials can be used when analysing Cu alloy targets is determined, as is the optimal internal standard, for a wide range of Cu alloy compositions. Analyses were further optimized by quantitative assessments of the use of CHARM end‐member materials as external standards for other CHARM Cu alloy targets. The variable magnitude of the observed matrix effects is most readily explained by variations in Cu/Zn ratios and resulting differences in melting and boiling points, compared with external reference materials, making the Zn‐rich Cu alloy targets most prone to matrix effects. With the correct choice of an external matrix‐matched standard (Pb‐rich CHARM reference material 32X LB14F) and internal element standardization, an accuracy of < 20% can be achieved for virtually all elements of interest in brass and bronze artefacts, which is a significant improvement compared with the use of glass external reference materials.

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LA-ICP-MS Analysis of Prehistoric Copper and Bronze Metalwork from Armenia

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Investigating Technological Changes in Copper-Based Metals Using Portable XRF Analysis. A Case Study in Sicily

Investigating Technological Changes in Copper-Based Metals Using Portable XRF Analysis. A Case Study in Sicily

Archaeometallurgical characterisation of ancient copper slags from pre‐Harappan site, Kunal, India

Analysis of the CHARM Cu‐alloy reference materials using excimer ns‐LA‐ICP‐MS: Assessment of matrix effects and applicability to artefact provenancing

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