The need to reconcile biodiversity conservation and development issues, notably the equitable sharing of benefits, recognized in the Convention on Biological Diversity (Secretariat of CBD, 1992; see http://www. cbd.int) and reaffirmed in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA, 2005), has led public policies to pay more and more attention to innovative schemes of goods and services value-adding, such as the promotion of local specialities. This chapter analyses the connection and consistency between value-adding schemes such as labelling and the norms that shape these schemes, and coastal biodiversity management practices and local representations in the context of two West African Marine Protected Areas: the Saloum Delta Biosphere Reserve in Senegal (RBDS) and the Biosphere Reserve of the Bolama Bijagos Archipelago in Guinea Bissau (RBABB). These study sites are characterized by mangrove ecosystems, communities of peasant fishers and the exploitation of molluscs (Anadara, Crassostrea, Cymbium, Murex and Pugilina). Through an interdisciplinary approach (involving a biologist, an economist, a historian and a geographer), this chapter examines the present and potential contributions of shellfish enhancement initiatives to improving biological and cultural diversity in mangrove systems and assesses contradictions between local strategies and national and international policies.