La gouvernance en microfinance : grille d'analyse et perspectives de recherche

Abstract

[eng] Cécile Lapenu — Governance in micro-finance : Analytical scheme and research perspectives.. Today's micro-finance has to perpetuate its activity, notably by means of efficient governance. Bypassing a vision limited to the sole technical aspects and to the relationships between administrators and managers, the cerise committee bases itself on four case studies to propose an analysis of power relationships of the conditions of power-exercise and of the management of its dysfunctions, so as to determine how a micro-financial institution could forestall and overcome moments of crisis. The analysis demonstrates the necessity of an organisational basis that would be common to all forms of governance, and which efficiency would vary according to diverse factors.

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“…Indeed, the last decades have been marked by the declaration of insolvency and bankruptcies of a significant number of cooperatives because of several factors related to management modes, the internal and external environment and mechanisms of their governance [1]. This confirms the idea that cooperative governance is at the origin of their fragility [2][3][4]. As a result, corporate governance can be apprehended as "the set of mechanisms that delimit the powers and influence the decisions of managers, in other words, who 'govern' their conduct and define their discretionary space" [5].…”

“…Already in 1932, Berle and Means mentioned it in their discussion of the conflicts resulting from the separation of ownership and decision-making functions in large American companies. In return, Lapenu, C. (2002) used the concept to distinguish the fields of its use, whether it be state governance, family governance or individual governance [2]. From this perspective, Aguilera, R. V. (2005) proposed a definition of the concept that was the most comprehensive to explain the meaning of the term as closely as possible, their definition stems from the work they did on the determinants that allow us to understand national differences in governance « the purpose of CG as ensuring that executives respect the rights and interests of company stakeholders, as well as guarantee that stakeholders act responsibly with regard to the generation, protection, and distribution of wealth invested in the firm» [18].…”

Do Decision Variables Improve Microfinance Efficiency? A Stochastic Frontier Analysis for African Countries

“…Good governance can improve institutions’ efficiency by reducing transaction costs. The microfinance sector features five interrelated governance components: the quality and reliability of information technologies; the clarity of organization principles; the definition of a clear strategic vision shared by all members of the organization; the implementation of legitimate forms of power that are suited to the institution; and the organization’s firm establishment in society at large (Lapenu, ). Some particularities of MFI governance are based mainly on the stakeholders involved in wealth creation and the way resources are used (Lapenu and Pierret, ).…”

Analyse de la gouvernance des Systèmes Financiers Décentralisés (SFD) au Sénégal

“…Elle est considérée comme un des outils possibles de l'aide au développement en répondant efficacement et directement aux besoins des pauvres 2 pour soutenir leurs initiatives économiques (Diop, 2020). En effet, une multitude de projets en microcrédit a été développée en Afrique, en Asie et en Amérique du sud (Lapenu, 2002).Selon le CGAP 3 , « la microfinance se définit comme la fourniture d'un ensemble de produits financiers à tous ceux qui sont exclus des systèmes financiers classiques formels» (Pierre,2005).Pour Marc (2000), « elle est l'activité qui consiste à offrir des services financiers à des populations à faibles revenus et, en général, exclus du système bancaire classique. Cette activité est exercée principalement par des institution de microfinance (IMF) ou des systèmes de financement décentralisé.» 4 Le terme « institutions de microfinance » appelé Système Financier Décentralisé (SFD) par la loi n°2008-47 du 03 septembre 2008 portant réglementation des systèmes financiers décentralisés au Sénégal s'applique désormais à un vaste éventail d'organisations qui se consacre à offrir des services financiers, au nombre desquelles on peut citer les organismes nongouvernementaux (ONG), les coopératives d'épargne et de crédit (COOPEC 5 ), les banques privées commerciales, des institutions non-bancaires, et certaines banques d'Etat (Nsabimana, 2009 ;Urghege, 2009).…”