La frugivoría por cánidos nativos (Lycalopex spp.) y alóctonos (Canis lupus familiaris) reduce la germinación de semillas de litre (Lithrea caustica) en Chile central

Morales-Paredes, Carlos Augusto; Valdivia, Carlos E.; Sade, Soraya

doi:10.4067/s0717-92002015000300014

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Seed as L. caustica and R. ephedra are heavier than the others and its dispersal mechanism are barochory-endozoochory and barochory respectively. Whereas Lycalopex culpaeus and O. cuniculus have been described as dispersers for L. caustica (Medan & Aagesen 1995;Catro et al, 2008;Morales-Paredes et al, 2015), M. boaria seeds are dispersed by Colorhamphus parvirostris, by Xolmis pyrope and by Anairetes parulus (Reid & Armesto, 2011). The lightest seed of this study is a winged seed of Q. saponaria and its dispersal mechanism is meteoranemochory (Table 1).…”

Section: Seed Species Featuresmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Leaf litter hides post-dispersed seeds from invasive alien removers in a sclerophyll forest in central Chile

2021

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Aim of the study: Seed removal may be a determining filter for regeneration. Factors such as leaf litter, tree cover and seed density affect seed removal. This aims to assess three aspects involving on post dispersal seed removal of four woody species (Lithraea caustica, Maytenus boaria, Quillaja saponaria and Retanilla ephedra) of a sclerophyll forest.Study area: Andean Mediterranean sclerophyll forest of Quillaja saponaria and Lithraea caustica located in the Río de Los Cipreses National Reserve, Chile.Materials and methods: Seven experimental plots were set up, in which seeds were offered in an experiment with variations in leaf litter, tree cover and seed density. Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) were used for the statistical analysis. Camera traps were installed to identify the seed removers.Main results: Q. saponaria seeds were more removed than the seeds of the other species (0.84, observed mean). Whereas that M. boaria and R. ephedra did not show significant differences on the removal of their seeds (0.77 and 0.67 respectively), both were more removed than L. caustica (0.59). The removal of M. boaria, Q. saponaria and R. ephedra seeds was lower in the presence of leaf litter. No factor influenced the removal of L. caustica seeds. Seed removers were identified as invasive alien species such as Rattus sp. and Oryctolagus cuniculus and native species such as Lycalopex culpaeus.Research highlights: Three woody species of this forest suffer severe seed removal by invasive alien fauna with major implications for the resilience of these forests. The coverage of leaf litter is key to hide away the seeds, increasing survival and could promote germination.Keywords: invasive alien fauna; Mediterranean forest; sclerophyll forest; seed removal factors.

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Section: Seed Species Featuresmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Seed weight, length and width were calculated with the mean of N = 100 seeds. Reported fruiting period and dispersal mechanism obtained from 1Morales-Paredes et al, (2015),2 Reid & Armesto (2011),3 Montenegro et al (1989),4 Velazco et al, 2018, 5 Medan & Arce (1999…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf litter hides post-dispersed seeds from invasive alien removers in a sclerophyll forest in central Chile

2021

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“…One recent study evaluated the effect of carnivores on seed dispersal and germination, and reported that seed consumption by these animals might increase the probability of germination after passing through its digestive tract (Morales‐Paredes, Valdivia, & Sade, ). Our observations of the single rodent visitor and several studies (Heithaus, ; Janzen, ) indicate this may not be the case in our study system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of frugivory in the columnar cactusPilosocereusleucocephalus

Vázquez‐Castillo

Miranda‐Jácome

Inzunza

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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In the frugivory networks of many arid and semi‐arid Mesoamerican ecosystems, columnar cacti act as keystone species that produce fruits with a high content of water and nutrients attractive to numerous vertebrates. The aim of this investigation was to assess the fruit removal patterns of two guilds of frugivores on the fruits of the woolly torch Pilosocereus leucocephalus. We assessed fruit pulp removal in two ways: by estimating the consumption of seeds given the amount of pulp removed per visit and by estimating the percentage of pulp removal over time. We put exclosures on unripe, intact fruits to keep frugivores from removing material. Once ripe, we removed the exclosures and tracked animal visitation of 69 fruits using camera traps. We obtained a total of 2,162 hr of footage (14:47 hours of them with effective pulp removal). The highest number of visitors is that of diurnal species (n = 12, all birds) versus only four nocturnal (three bats, one rodent). The most effective species in pulp removal are birds. Bats play a modest role in frugivory of this cactus. The significance of this work is twofold: (a) birds and bats consume the fruit pulp of this cactus and likely disperse its seeds, and (b) although bats rank high in pulp removal effectiveness, birds as a guild far outweigh their importance in this system, as they are not only more frequent but also remove more pulp and seeds. Both groups are known to be important in cacti seed dispersal, and our findings are essential in understanding the population dynamics of the woolly torch and in elucidating its seed dispersal ecology.

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“…Todas las semillas fueron colocadas en una germinadora a una temperatura constante de 25°C, fotoperíodo de 12 horas y humedad relativa del 50%. Se consideró la germinación de la semilla a partir de la aparición de la radícula (Fernández y Johnston, 1986) Al final de cada prueba de germinación se realizó un segundo análisis de viabilidad (Morales-Paredes et al, 2015), para esto se tomaron las semillas no germinadas después de los 42 días de haber registrado la primera germinación y se determinó si el embrión estaba vivo o no, aplicando la misma prueba de tetrazolio descrita anteriormente.…”

Section: Viabilidad Y Germinación De Las Semillasunclassified

“…Sin embargo, esto no puede tomarse como un patron general, en Chile las semillas de Lithrea caustica alcanzaron el 24 % de germinación después de haber pasado por el tracto digestivo de Perros domésticos (Canis lpus familiaris) y de los zorros, Lycalopex culpeus y L. griseus, en contra del 45% de germinación en las semillas colectadas para el control (Morales-Paredes et al, 2015), de ahí que es necesario evaluar cada caso de manera individual.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Mamíferos del orden carnivora como dispersores de semillas en una zona semiárida del Estado de Puebla

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La frugivoría por cánidos nativos (Lycalopex spp.) y alóctonos (Canis lupus familiaris) reduce la germinación de semillas de litre (Lithrea caustica) en Chile central

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Leaf litter hides post-dispersed seeds from invasive alien removers in a sclerophyll forest in central Chile

Leaf litter hides post-dispersed seeds from invasive alien removers in a sclerophyll forest in central Chile

Patterns of frugivory in the columnar cactusPilosocereusleucocephalus

Mamíferos del orden carnivora como dispersores de semillas en una zona semiárida del Estado de Puebla

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