La domesticación del paisaje en enclaves pluriculturales del sur de Misiones (Argentina): Una aproximación a través de los cítricos.

Abstract

Los cítricos son frutales introducidos tempranamente a América. Actualmente para Misiones se reconocen 30 etnovariedades (9 etnoespecies), cultivadas de maneras diversas. En la presente contribución se describen los microambientes donde se encuentran, las prácticas sobre dichos microambientes y las etnovariedades presentes en cada uno para luego analizar, desde un enfoque relacional, el efecto de las prácticas de manejo en los procesos de domesticación de las plantas y del paisaje. Los trabajos de campo fueron realizados en Teyú Cuaré (San Ignacio) y Cerro Mártires (Concepción), provincia de Misiones (Argentina), durante los años 2010 a 2013. Se realizaron entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas, y caminatas con los informantes. Se relevaron 7 microambientes definidos en relación a la presencia de cítricos, a las prácticas de manejo focalizadas en las plantas propiamente dichas como también sobre los microambientes o grupos de microambientes, así como por aspectos relativos a la vegetación, suelo, disponibilidad hídrica y cercanía al hogar. La diversidad de cítricos registrada representa un continuum de variedades representantes del proceso de domesticación en diferentes sentidos, coincidente a su vez con las prácticas de manejo diversificadoras. El estudio de las prácticas de manejo permite observar patrones de manejo actuales como también interpretar los paisajes actuales infiriendo las prácticas del pasado.

Landscape management among the Guarani of the Atlantic Forest of Misiones, Argentina: the case of the Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman (Arecaceae) palm tree

“…Likewise, when analyzing the way these landscape units are named, a complex series of factors is involved. Most of the names assigned describe biophysical aspects whicht differs from that observed in local communities in semi-arid environments in Brazil, where local classifications of the forests correspond purely with utilitarian characteristics (Da Silva et al 2016) but agrees with the multidimensionality observed in neighboring areas among multicultural groups (Stampella 2018;Zamudio and Hilgert 2016). In the same way, the different landscape vegetation units perceived in our region were similar to those recorded by Pirondo and Keller (2015) in a community of guaranitic descent in the wetlands of northeast Corrientes province, where the denomination of the environments was assigned according to the abundance of certain vegetal species.…”

“…In general terms, to evaluate a forest status of conservation, floristic surveys are carried out where the structure of communities (richness, abundance and vital status of species, (mainly woody ones) is measured. However, historical evidence suggests that, despite their harmonious and functional appearance, it is unlikely that untouched environments exist to date (Stampella 2018). In this sense, it is proposed that species of cultural importance, potentially managed in situ, are included when surveying the structure of communities in order to analyze emerging information that the effect of past and current use and management could be reflecting (Araújo and Ferraz 2014;Levis et al 2017).…”

Local Variability of Citrus (Citrusspp.) in Pluricultural Enclaves in the South of Misiones (Argentina): Diversity, Uses and Perception, and Classification of Variability

“…This disuse is based in the current use of the trifoliata (hardy or trifoliate orange) as a rootstock, changing local cooking and medicinal practices, and in the decrease in the production and 2: A, D, E) was also traditionally practiced before 1950; locals gathered scion wood of these varieties as well as others found in the monte (the forest, or areas of spontaneous vegetation) to graft. Other reticulata) have a relatively recent history in the area; however, they have been culturally appropriated, resignified (i.e., with new local denominations), and widely represented in the local knowledge (for further details, see Stampella et al 2013aStampella et al , 2014.…”