La directividad en la relación terapéutica: análisis de la evidencia encontrada en investigación

Abstract

ResumenSe expone los resultados de una revisión de las propuestas teóricas y hallazgos empíricos de diferentes autores e investigaciones sobre la directividad en la psicoterapia. En algunos casos la literatura localizada confluye en conceptos comunes y en otros diverge en sus resultados llevando a conclusiones heterogéneas sobre la directividad como habilidad terapéutica. Se presenta la información en capítulos tomando como eje central las perspectivas sobre cuándo ser más o menos directivos. En cada capítulo se desarrolla teóricamente el tema y a continuación los estudios que prestan o no soporte empírico a la propuesta teórica. Los contenidos posteriormente son sintetizados en la conclusión. Finalmente, la discusión integra los conceptos de mayor relevancia, analiza las limitaciones de los estudios y de los resultados encontrados y propone futuras líneas de investigación.Palabras clave: Directividad, habilidad terapéutica, relación terapéutica AbstractOne exposes the results of a revision of the theoretical proposals and empirical findings of different authors and investigations on the directivity in the psycotherapy. In some cases located Literature comes together in common concepts and in others it diverges in its results taking to heterogenous conclusions on the directivity like therapeutic ability. The information in chapters appears more or less taking like central axis the perspective on when being directors. In each chapter it is theoretically developed to the subject and next the studies that render or empirical nonsupport to the theoretical proposal. The contents later are synthesized in the conclusion. Finally, the Integra discussion the concepts of greater relevance, it analyzes the limitations of the studies and the found results and proposes future lines of investigation.

Attributed Contribution of Therapist’s Emotional Variables to Psychotherapeutic Effectiveness: A Preliminary Study

“…Different studies on directivity/support (reported in Bergin and Garfield, 1994) show a predominance of positive relationships between therapist directivity and beneficial outcomes when exercised at moderate levels. In order to obtain favorable results, a good therapist must modulate his or her directivity depending on the phase of treatment, the type of problem addressed in the consultation and the personality characteristics of the patient (Keijsers et al, 1995;Bados and García, 2001;Karmo et al, 2002;Urzúa et al, 2010), and with flexibility being considered a fundamental quality of the therapist (Rodríguez-Morejón, 2019).…”

“…In this sense, with respect to theoretical orientation, we might expect eclectic psychotherapists to have a more favorable stance toward common variables, including emotional ones, given the basic tenets of their theoretical orientation, and which advocates an integration of perspectives and techniques (Norcross and Goldfried, 2005). Or that cognitive-behavioral therapists attach greater importance to directivity, as they adopt a more active and directive stance in their interventions than therapists of other orientations, such as psychoanalysts (Martorell and Prieto, 2002;Urzúa et al, 2010). On the other hand, given that most publications on research on therapeutic processes coincide in assigning common (and emotional) factors the main relevance in the healing process (Nathan et al, 2000;Lambert and Ogles, 2004;Samstag et al, 2004;Norcross, 2005;Karson and Fox, 2010;Wampold, 2017), it is to be expected that the therapists who most access these publications tend to preferentially and significantly opt for such common factors.…”

Development and Validation of the Psychotherapeutic Effectiveness Attribution Questionnaire (PEAQ-12) in a Spanish Population

“…Another component to consider is the therapist’s directivity/support, understood as the degree to which instructions, information and specific help are provided and tasks are structured and delimited [ 66 ]. To obtain favourable results, a good therapist must modulate their directivity and support depending on the phase of treatment, the type of problem addressed in the consultation and the patient’s personality characteristics [ 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ].…”