La desestructuración del sistema peruano de pensiones

Saco, María Amparo Cruz; Seminario, Bruno; Leiva, Favio; Moreno, Carla; Zegarra, Maria Alejandra

doi:10.21678/978-9972-57-397-2

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…A higher level of development, measured by the Human Development Index (HDI) (UNDP, 2018; 2019), is associated with higher urbanization and modernity, higher income, better regulation, stronger infrastructure, wider delivery of social services, and a larger proportion of the formal EAP that contributes to the pension system (Cruz Saco et al, 2018a; 2018b). Table 2, column 1, shows that HDI scores have a positive and significant relationship with EAP coverage.…”

Section: Factors That Influence Eap and Elderly Coveragementioning

confidence: 99%

Pension coverage in Latin America: Trends and inequalities

Mesa‐Lago

Saco

Gil

2021

Int Social Security Review

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Using household surveys from 17 Latin American countries over 2009-2018, we analyze contributory pension coverage for the economically active population (EAP) and contributory/non-contributory pension coverage for older persons. Nine countries have "private" and eight have "public" pension systems. Inequalities in gender, income, education, location and firm size affect both coverage of the EAP and the elderly. Rather than being affected by the type of pension systemprivate or public -, coverage depends on structural features of the labour market and public policy interventions. Our findings confirm current understanding that level of development is directly related with coverage whereas inequality and informality are inversely related with coverage. Based on these results, we recomend policy interventions.

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Section: Factors That Influence Eap and Elderly Coveragementioning

confidence: 99%

Pension coverage in Latin America: Trends and inequalities

Mesa‐Lago

Saco

Gil

2021

Int Social Security Review

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Gender Inequity: Older Workers and the Gender Labor Income Gap in Peru

Saco

Gil

Campos

2021

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Using annual household surveys from 2004 to 2019, we examine the existence of a gender labor income gap among older persons in Peru. Two labor income models are estimated: Model 1 uses a basic set of demographic, socioeconomic, and personal characteristics as regressors (also called endowments); Model 2 uses the basic set plus additional personal characteristics. The Misner‐type relationship holds with positive returns for education and experience, and the anticipated association to the endowments. The Oaxaca‐Blinder decomposition yields an explained labor income gender gap of 44.4% (Model 1) and 51.5% (Model 2), i.e., controlling for endowments, approximately one half of the labor income difference remains unexplained and can be attributed to discrimination and labor segregation. In light of these results, we estimate Model 3 with two additional variables (head of household and beneficiary of intergenerational private transfer) which attempt to capture gendered stereotypes. With these two variables which provide information on gender discrimination the explained labor income gap for Model 3 is 71.1%—an increase of 19.6%. The unexplained component of the difference in labor income amounts to 28.8% that we attribute to unobserved variables that operate as post‐labor market elements in patriarchal societies. Results show that gender inequity during a woman’s life‐span manifests acutely among older women, which raises important implications for policy interventions.

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La desestructuración del sistema peruano de pensiones

Cited by 2 publications

References 24 publications

Pension coverage in Latin America: Trends and inequalities

Pension coverage in Latin America: Trends and inequalities

Gender Inequity: Older Workers and the Gender Labor Income Gap in Peru

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