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Abstract

Industrial development and urban growth challenge Kota Surakarta, especially regarding environmental quality and community welfare. Population growth and urban infrastructure development are likely to contribute to the increasing solar-heat absorption and temperature. The presence of green open space is a method to regulate urban microclimate by its capacity to intervene in air humidity, temperature, and light penetration. This research aims to study biodiversity-vegetation's role in determining visitors' comfort levels at Monjari and Jaya Wijaya Parks of Surakarta City. Study findings will be of fundamental consideration in developing comfortable green open spaces that will stabilize the microclimate of Surakarta City. This study relied on both primary and secondary data. Primary data is collected using a random sample method on a square plot. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index is employed to assess the diversity of plant types in both parks. Research findings demonstrate that Jaya Wijaya Park has more biodiversity than Monjari Park. Monjari Park, on the other hand, has a higher carbon and biomass uptake level despite having various vegetation types, including trees, saplings, and seedlings. In conclusion, Surakarta City requires appropriate biodiversity-vegetation management to develop comfortable green open spaces.