“…In line with this necessity, some earlier studies (e.g., You, 2016 ; Davis and Bowles, 2018 ; Dağgöl, 2020 , among others) have evaluated the influence of learner-related factors on learner empowerment. Furthermore, some inquiries (e.g., Yujing, 2015 ; León and Castro, 2017 ; Pan, 2022 , among others) have assessed the impact of context-related factors on this motivation-based construct. Likewise, a body of research (e.g., Ledbetter and Finn, 2013 , 2016 ; Cakır, 2015 ; Diaz et al, 2016 ; Wang et al, 2022 ; Wang and Hemchua, 2022 ; Wang and Derakhshan, 2023 ; Zhi and Wang, 2023 ) has looked into the effect of teacher-related factors on learner empowerment.…”