L'Union européenne et l'outre-mer

Abstract

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European Citizenship after Brexit

“…European integration history also includes cases of member state territory declared to fall outside the scope of the Treatises: suffice to mention, for example, Faroe, Macao, Hong Kong, Surinam and the UK Sovereign Base Areas in Cyprus, as well as territories that joined after the member state joined: for example, Netherlands Antilles and the Canary Islands (Kochenov 2011). To be precise, more than half of what used to be member states' territory have 'left' since the creation of the Communities (Ziller 2005). The reference is to the Belgian territories of Congo, Rwanda-Burundi, Italian protectorate of Somalia, the Netherlands, New Guinea, French equatorial Africa, French East-Africa, the protectorates of Togo and Cameroon, the Commodores Islands, Madagascar, the Côte Française des Somalis; and following the accession of the UK, also Bahamas, Brunei, the Caribbean Colonies and Associated States, Gilbert and Ellis islands, the Line Islands, the Anglo-French condominium of the New Hebrides, the Solomon Islands and the Seychelles.…”

European Union governance in the shadow of contradicting ideas: the decoupling of policy ideas and policy instruments

“…Over more than five decades a toolbox of instruments has developed that renders the distinction between direct and indirect administration unsuitable for the EU context (Hofmann, 2009). The assumption of indirect administration is formally sustained, although various other forms of direct, shared or common administration have proliferated (Ziller, 2006) and in real bureaucratic practice the notion ‘is a simplified model that no longer can be maintained. Instead, the different policy fields have developed along a spectrum of joint administration in which pure ‘direct’ administration by EU institutions on the one hand and pure ‘indirect’ administration by MS [member state, the author ] authorities on the other hand represent the two extreme ends.…”