l-Tryptophan catabolism by Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2 occurs through indole 3-pyruvic acid pathway

Abstract

Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2 utilizes L: -tryptophan as the sole source of nitrogen for growth, and it has a doubling time of approximately 11 h (compared to 8 h with ammonium chloride). With cell free extracts in the presence of 2-oxoglutarate, indole-3-pyruvic acid, indole-3-acetaldehyde, indole-3-acetic acid, isatin, benzaldehyde, gallic acid and pyrogallol were identified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) analysis. The conversion of L: -tryptophan into indole 3-pyruvic acid and glutamate by an enzyme aminotransferase was confirmed and the catabolism of indole-3-pyruvic acid via side chain oxidation followed by ring oxidation, gallic acid and pyrogallol were confirmed as metabolites. In addition, the proposed pathway sequential conversion of indole-3-pyruvic acid to the end product of pyrogallol was identified, including an enzymatic step that would convert isatin to benzaldehyde by an enzyme yet to be identified. At this stage of the study, the enzyme tryptophan aminotransferase in R. benzoatilyticus JA2 was demonstrated.

Biosynthesis and Secretion of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Its Morphological Effects on Tricholoma vaccinum-Spruce Ectomycorrhiza

“…A route converting indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) into IAA has been proposed (21) but is controversial (25). In pathogenic bacteria, IAA production seems to be realized via IAM, whereas plant growth-promoting bacteria prefer the IPA pathway (26)(27)(28). In fungi, IAA synthesis was shown for the basidiomycetes Ustilago maydis (15,29,30), Rhizoctonia (31), and Piriformospora indica (32) and for the ascomycetes Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (33) and Fusarium proliferatum (34).…”

Stable Isotope-Assisted Metabolic Profiling Reveals Growth Mode Dependent Differential Metabolism and Multiple Catabolic Pathways of l-Phenylalanine in Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2

“…However, its aromatic compound metabolic potential is evident from its remarkable biotransformation ability studied mainly under anaerobic conditions. 19,[22][23][24][25][26][27]30 In the current study, using untargeted SIMP, we try to unravel the insights of phenylalanine metabolism under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Production of high levels of phenolic compounds (Figure 1C,D) with the simultaneous utilization of L-phenylalanine (Figure 1A,B) under both of the conditions suggests Lphenylalanine metabolism leading to phenols accumulation, in line with the previous reports on phenylalanine/tyrosine catabolism in bacteria.…”

“…Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2, a metabolically versatile anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium grows under different growth conditions by utilizing a broad range of organic compounds . Strain JA2 has the remarkable aromatic compound metabolism; it transforms aniline to acetanilide, L -tryptophan to indoles, , and l -phenylalanine to phenolic compounds. , SIMP studies on tryptophan catabolism in strain JA2 revealed multiple tryptophan catabolic pathways and a novel enzyme, tryptophan ammonia lyase . Stress-induced overproduction of indole derivatives was reported in strain JA2 by yet-unknown metabolic regulation mechanism .…”

Efeito do desequilíbrio hormonal na supressão das respostas de defesa do cacaueiro durante as etapas iniciais da infecção pelo fungo Moniliophthora perniciosa

“…Interessantemente, quando o Trp do meio de crescimento acaba (dia 30), o IAA foi rapidamente metabolizado (dia 30). Este comportamento pode ser explicado (i) porque a partir do triptofano são sintetizados outros metabolitos que podem ou não pertencer à via de biossínteses do IAA(Mujahid et al, 2011) e (ii) porque o IAA pode ser catabolizado em outros produtos(Kumavath et al, 2010). Quando IAN foi adicionado ao meio de cultura, se observa que é convertido em IAA (tabela 5) logo após 3 dias de iniciado o experimento.…”

“…Mas não está claro ainda quais são as enzimas que fazem parte do catabolismo do IAA para formar IALD, ICA e finalmente Isatin. A proposta foi baseada no modelo deKumavath et al (2010) e nos tempos de aparecimento dos compostos no cromatogramas do GC-MS. Curiosamente, três membros putativos da via IPA (MP05600, MP5598, MP05180) estão localizados num cluster numa região de 6336 bp. Em bactérias é comum encontrar este tipo de genes em clusters formando operons(Leveau e Gerards, 2008).Tabela 6.…”