l -theanine: A potential multifaceted natural bioactive amide as health supplement

Adhikary, Rajsekhar; Mandal, Vivekananda

doi:10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.08.005

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In that regard however, the oral administration of L-theanine (γglutamylethylamide) has been proposed as an appealing nutraceutical compound for the management of anxiety [22]. L-theanine is a unique non-proteinaceous amino acid naturally occurring in tea plants, and considered a potential multifaceted supplement [23]. Therefore, the aim of the present integrative narrative review is to further discuss and debate the observed clinical findings and dose-related efficacy of L-theanine administration on parameters of anxiety and stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychotropic effects of L-theanine and its clinical properties: From the management of anxiety and stress to a potential use in schizophrenia

Sakamoto

Ribeiro

Bueno

et al. 2019

Pharmacological Research

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychotropic effects of L-theanine and its clinical properties: From the management of anxiety and stress to a potential use in schizophrenia

Sakamoto

Ribeiro

Bueno

et al. 2019

Pharmacological Research

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“…L-Theanine is such a bioactive nonproteinic amino acid presented in a variety of plants and fungi, especially in tea tree [62,63]. It has a high impact on preventing lifestyle-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders, hypertension, diabetes, liver injury and tumor suppression [63,64]. This bioactive amide can also help to maintain healthy sleep, improve mental clarity, and nullify the harmful effects of neurotoxins [64,65].…”

Section: Reusability Of N450d-mcleasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has a high impact on preventing lifestyle-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders, hypertension, diabetes, liver injury and tumor suppression [63,64]. This bioactive amide can also help to maintain healthy sleep, improve mental clarity, and nullify the harmful effects of neurotoxins [64,65]. Due to the important contribution of L-theanine to a wide range of significant health benefits, there is an increasing demand for its use in the fields of dietary supplements, functional food ingredients, and nutraceuticals [64,66,67].…”

Section: Reusability Of N450d-mcleasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates of a Transpeptidase-Specialized Variant (N450D) of Bacillus licheniformis γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase: An Efficient and Stable Biocatalyst for l-Theanine Synthesis

Chi

Huang

et al. 2021

Catalysts

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γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) catalyzes the transfer of glutathione’s γ-glutamyl group and related γ-glutamyl amides to water, amino acids or peptides, and utilizes a conserved Thr residue to process its own polypeptide chain into a large and a small subunit that then assemble to produce a catalytically competent enzyme. In this study, the magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates (mCLEAs) of a transpeptidase-specialized variant (N450D) of Bacillus licheniformis GGT were successfully prepared with optimized process parameters viz.1.25:1 (v/v) of isopropanol to N450D (0.3 mg/mL) ratio/0.02:1 (w/w) of enzyme to 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES)-coated magnetic nanoparticle ratio/20 mM of glutaraldehyde. The prepared magnetic nanoparticles and immobilized enzyme (N450D-mCLEAs) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscope integrated with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM/EDS), and superparamagnetic analysis. As compared with free enzyme, N450D-mCLEAs displayed significantly higher heat resistance at temperatures of 55 and 60 °C, and had a greater stability over a storage period of one month. The immobilized enzyme could also be reused for 10 consecutive biocatalytic cycles with no significant reduction in the percent yield of l-theanine. Conclusively, this immobilization strategy surely provides a meaningful glance of developing N450D-mediated biocatalysis for the production of physiologically important γ-glutamyl compounds.

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“…These l ‐glutaminases can be used to produce a variety of functional glutamyl compounds, including glutathione, theanine, γ‐glutamylmethylamide, γ‐ l ‐glutamyltaurine and γ‐ d ‐glutamyl‐ l ‐tryptophan 5 . Among them, l ‐theanine is a functional ingredient with various physiological functions, such as lowering blood pressure, promoting relaxation, improving memory and relieving stress, as well as antitumour activity 13 . Using l ‐glutaminase to synthesize theanine has received wide attention from researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Among them, L-theanine is a functional ingredient with various physiological functions, such as lowering blood pressure, promoting relaxation, improving memory and relieving stress, as well as antitumour activity. 13 Using L-glutaminase to synthesize theanine has received wide attention from researchers. Especially in recent years, many studies on immobilized glutaminase have been conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeabilization and immobilization of whole‐cell Pseudomonas nitroreducensSP.001 to improve its l‐glutaminase performance

et al. 2020

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BACKGROUND L‐Glutaminase is considered to be an important industrial enzyme in both the pharmaceutical and food industries, especially for producing functional glutamyl compounds, such as l‐theanine. Pseudomonas nitroreducens SP.001 with intracellular l‐glutaminase activity has been screened previously. In the present study, three physical permeabilization methods were used to improve l‐glutaminase activity. Then, the whole‐cell immobilization conditions of permeabilized cells using sodium alginate as an embedding agent were optimized to enhance the enzyme's stability and reusability. The characteristics of the immobilized cells were investigated in comparison with those of permeabilized cells. RESULTS The results obtained showed that cell permeabilization using osmotic shock with 155 g L−1 sucrose markedly improved enzyme activity. Then, an effective procedure for immobilization of permeabilized P. nitroreducens cells was established. The optimum conditions for cell immobilization were: sodium alginate 40 g L−1, calcium chloride 30 g L−1, cell mass 100 g L−1 and a curing time of 3 h. After successful immobilization, characterization studies revealed that the thermostability and pH resistance of l‐glutaminase from immobilized cells were enhanced compared to those from permeabilized cells. Moreover, the immobilized biocatalyst could be reused up to 10 times and retained 80% of its activity. CONCLUSION The stability and reusability of the permeabilized cells were improved through the immobilization. These findings indicated that immobilized whole‐cell l‐glutaminase from P. nitroreducens SP.001 possesses more potential for various industrial biotechnological applications than free cells. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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l -theanine: A potential multifaceted natural bioactive amide as health supplement

Cited by 33 publications

References 61 publications

Psychotropic effects of L-theanine and its clinical properties: From the management of anxiety and stress to a potential use in schizophrenia

Psychotropic effects of L-theanine and its clinical properties: From the management of anxiety and stress to a potential use in schizophrenia

Magnetic Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates of a Transpeptidase-Specialized Variant (N450D) of Bacillus licheniformis γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase: An Efficient and Stable Biocatalyst for l-Theanine Synthesis

Permeabilization and immobilization of whole‐cell Pseudomonas nitroreducensSP.001 to improve its l‐glutaminase performance

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