“…Related ideas have appeared in the work Sogge and Stein [50], Christ [10], and many others. Along these same lines, there have been many works to explicitly establish L p -improving estimates for Radon-like operators in various circumstances, including Littman [35]; Oberlin and Stein [38]; Oberlin [39], [40]; Phong and Stein [44]; Greenleaf and Seeger [23], [24]; Iosevich and Sawyer [30] Greenleaf, Seeger, and Wainger [26], [25]; Seeger [49]; Christ [12]; Bak [1]; Bak, Oberlin, and Seeger [2]; Tao and Wright [52]; Lee [33], [34]; and Yang [55]. This listing is not exhaustive and does not include the (even larger) body of work devoted to L 2 -and L p -Sobolev estimates, which would indirectly imply (usually non-sharp) L p -improving estimates as well.…”