ʟ-Ovothiol A: The Egg Release Pheromone of the Marine Polychaete Platynereis Dumerilii: Annelida: Polychaeta

Röhl, Ingo; Schneider, Bernd; Schmidt, B. Chris; Zeeck, E.

doi:10.1515/znc-1999-1222

Cited by 44 publications

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“…In the case of the polychaete Platynereis dumerilii a threshold concentration of 0.6moll -1 of uric acid is effective in inducing spermatozoid release. However, high perceptual abilities are known only in a few polychaete species (Bartels- Hardege et al, 1996;Müller et al, 1999;Ram et al, 1999;Rohl et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender expression and group size: a test in a hermaphroditic and a gonochoric congeneric species of Ophryotrocha (Polychaeta)

Schleicherova

Lorenzi

Sella

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYHermaphroditism and gonochorism are two contrasting forms of sexuality. Hermaphroditic species are generally seen as species adapted to conditions of low density, stabilized by poor mate search efficiency and high costs of searching. They can adjust allocation of reproductive resources to each sex function in response to current social conditions, making reproduction more efficient, at least in principle. By contrast, gonochorism (separate sexes) is advantageous when mates are frequent, making it ineffective to maintain two sex functions in a single individual. This, however, also rules out the need for a flexible response to mating opportunities as known for hermaphrodites. In the hermaphroditic marine polychaete worm Ophryotrocha diadema we showed earlier that group size is assessed through a chemical cue. In this study we verified the accuracy of the response to gradients of the chemical cue used to assess group size by O. diadema by checking reduction in egg production as the group of partners increases, as expected according to sex allocation theory. Furthermore we compared the effect of such a gradient with a similar gradient in a closely related gonochoric species (O. labronica). Here sex allocation adjustment is not predicted, thus an adaptive change in egg production in response to group-size cues is not expected. In fact, our results show that the group-size effect only occurs in O. diadema and not in O. labronica. Moreover, our study provides evidence of high perceptual abilities of chemical cues in O. diadema, suggesting that perceiving social cues and adjusting sex allocation appropriately are special properties of hermaphrodites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender expression and group size: a test in a hermaphroditic and a gonochoric congeneric species of Ophryotrocha (Polychaeta)

Schleicherova

Lorenzi

Sella

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…For example, in the starfish Asterias rubens induction is bidirectional, gametes of either sex can induce spawning in the other sex (Gemmill 1914). In polychaetes, the subjects of most studies concerning marine spawning and pheromones, the pheromones may be released by males and/or females, depending on species (Bartels-Hardege et al 1996, Muller et al 1999, Ram et al 1999, Rohl et al 1999). In the oyster Crassostrea virginica, an intrinsic membrane protein in sperm-triggered spawning is found in both sexes (Rice et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of spawn-inducing pheromones in two brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

Soong

Chang²,

Chao³

2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Possible roles of pheromones in inducing spawning of 2 brittle stars, Ophiocoma dentata and Ophiocoma scolopendrina, were tested with gonad homogenates. In both species, the ovary homogenate induced conspecific, competent males to spawn. The potential pheromone was speciesspecific and had no effect on conspecific females. The testis homogenate did not have any effect. Of the males 50% could be induced at an estimated concentration of 7.8 × 10 -7 g ml -1 (wet ovary weight/seawater) with a threshold concentration at 10 -8 g ml -1 . Some males could be induced to spawn at least 3 consecutive times at 1 d intervals. The unidirectional induction, i.e. males induced by female releasate, suggests high selective pressure of sperm limitation in these 2 species.

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“…In addition to the allomonal roles of the chemicals discussed above, secondary metabolites also function in carrying chemical messages (pheromones) within the marine benthic biota as in the case of the sperm-release pheromone (uric acid) of the marine polychaete Platynereis dumerilii (Zeeck et al 1998), the egg release pheromone L-Ovothiol A in P. dumerilii (Rohl et al 1999), and sex pheromones (ceramides) of the hair crab Erimacrus isenbeckii (Asai et al 2000). Peptides have also been involved in interspecies communication (Rittschof and Cohen 2004), like in the case of the attracting pheromone that stimulates male attraction in Aplysia.…”

Section: Chemically-mediated Interactions In Benthic Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New trends in marine chemical ecology

Ianora

Boersma

Casotti

et al. 2006

Estuaries and Coasts: J ERF

123

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This essay is the outcome of a colloquium convened in November 2005 at the Benthos Laboratory of the Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn in Ischia, Italy, on chemical ecology and the role of secondary metabolites in the structuring and functioning of marine biodiversity. The participants of the workshop are part of the European Network of Excellence MarBEF (Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function), a consortium of 56 European marine institutes to integrate and disseminate knowledge and expertise on marine biodiversity. Here we review some of the new trends and emerging topics in marine chemical ecology. The first section deals with microbial chemical interactions. Microbes communicate with each other using diffusible molecules such as N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHL). These are regulators in cell-density-dependent gene regulation (quorum sensing) controlling microbial processes. In chemical interactions with higher organisms, microbes can act either as harmful pathogens that are repelled by the host's chemical defense or as beneficial symbionts. These symbionts are sometimes the true producers of the host's secondary metabolites that have defensive and protective functions for their hosts. We also describe how allelochemicals can shape phytoplankton communities by regulating competition for available resources, and also interactions among individuals of the same species. Compounds such as the diatom-derived unsaturated aldehydes have been demonstrated to act as infochemicals, and they possibly function as a diffusible bloom-termination signal that triggers an active cell death and bloom termination at sea. The same molecules have also been shown to interfere with the reproductive capacity of grazing animals deterring future generations of potential predators. Such compounds differ from those that act as feeding deterrents since they do not target the predator but its offspring. Many of the neurotoxins produced by dinoflagellates act as feeding deterrents, and laboratory experiments have shown that ingestion of these algae by some microzooplankton and macrozooplankton can cause acute responses such as death, incapacitation, altered swimming behavior, and reduced fecundity and egg-hatching success. These effects may rarely occur in nature because of low individual grazing rates on dinoflagellate cells and grazing on other food sources such as microflagellates and diatoms. We also consider the nutritional component of marine plant-herbivore interactions, especially in the plankton, and the information available on the effects of growing conditions of algae on the production of toxic metabolites. Species producing saxitoxins seem to consistently produce the highest amounts of toxins (on a per cell basis) in the exponential phase of growth, and there is a decrease in their production under nitrogen, but not under phosphorus stress, where the production actually increases. We try to explain the circumstances under which organisms defend themselves chemically and argue that the most likely explanatory model for ...

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ʟ-Ovothiol A: The Egg Release Pheromone of the Marine Polychaete Platynereis Dumerilii: Annelida: Polychaeta

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Gender expression and group size: a test in a hermaphroditic and a gonochoric congeneric species of Ophryotrocha (Polychaeta)

Gender expression and group size: a test in a hermaphroditic and a gonochoric congeneric species of Ophryotrocha (Polychaeta)

Presence of spawn-inducing pheromones in two brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

New trends in marine chemical ecology

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