L‐lysine in herpesvirus reactivation after
            <scp>ChAdOx1 nCoV</scp>
            ‐19 vaccine (
            <scp>AZD1222</scp>
            ): Minor literature review and case report

Pedrazini, Maria Cristina; Silva, Mariliza Henrique da; Groppo, Francisco Carlos

doi:10.1111/dth.15291

Cited by 5 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…They will remain in a latent form until, at some point, they can be reactivated by triggers. 21,[25][26][27] Viral reactivation is a dangerous option for the virus because during replication, DNA polymerase (DNA virus) takes over viral multiplication and several other host mechanisms will be activated, including its immune system or its internal signalling, leading to cell death. Reactivation does not necessarily imply clinical symptoms as this will depend on the immune response and the level of viral production.…”

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23,24 Thus, in theory, the consumption of food with high concentrations of arginine, such as peanuts, cashews, almonds, granola and chocolate [28][29][30] (Figure 5 and Table 2), should be avoided. 25,26 There are several triggers that can reactivate herpesviruses and among them are specific hormonal conditions, stress, weather conditions such as cold, and solar radiation or conditions in which depression or activation of the immune system occurs. 26,30,31 Local trauma, insect bites, 27,30,32 pharmacological idiosyncrasies and genetic susceptibility 32,33 have also been cited as triggers.…”

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25,26 There are several triggers that can reactivate herpesviruses and among them are specific hormonal conditions, stress, weather conditions such as cold, and solar radiation or conditions in which depression or activation of the immune system occurs. 26,30,31 Local trauma, insect bites, 27,30,32 pharmacological idiosyncrasies and genetic susceptibility 32,33 have also been cited as triggers. It is important to consider that some medications that act on the immune system can cause reactivation; however, if essential, they should not be interrupted.…”

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37 Immune dysregulation created by vaccines may also play a role in reactivating latent infection. 21,26,43,44 The humoral response distraction due to vaccination can lead to loss of immune control of latent virus; 45 however, no vaccination schedule should be discouraged because it causes reactivations that are often controllable. 21,26 In 2021, there was an increase in PR-like reactions after SARS-COV-2 vaccines due to possible HHV-6/7 reactivation.…”

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21,26,43,44 The humoral response distraction due to vaccination can lead to loss of immune control of latent virus; 45 however, no vaccination schedule should be discouraged because it causes reactivations that are often controllable. 21,26 In 2021, there was an increase in PR-like reactions after SARS-COV-2 vaccines due to possible HHV-6/7 reactivation. 21 The altered immune status would provoke a T-cell mediated skin reaction 18,46 causing the rash; however, there are reports of PR following other vaccinations, e.g., against smallpox, tuberculosis, influenza, papillomavirus, poliomyelitis, tetanus, pneumococcus, MMR (diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus), hepatitis B and yellow fever.…”

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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L‐lysine: Its antagonism with L‐arginine in controlling viral infection. Narrative literature review

Pedrazini

Silva²,

Groppo

2022

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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Knowledge about viral characteristics, mechanisms of entry into the host cell and multiplication/dissemination can help in the control and treatment of viral pathologies. Several nutritional factors linked to the host may favour viral multiplication and their control, may lead to new prophylactic alternatives and/or antiviral therapies.The objective of this review is to discuss the relationship between the amino acid Llysine and the control of viral infections, aiming at a possible therapeutic property.This research used databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scielo, Medline and Google Scholar, as well as searching for references cited by journals. The time frame covered the period between 1964 and January 2022. The observed studies have shown that the usual antiviral therapies are not able to interfere with the viruses in their latent state; however, they can interfere with the adhesion and fusion of viral particles or the production of proteins, which play an important role in viral epidemiology and control, particularly in the initial moment and in reactivation. Lysine is an amino acid that can interfere mainly in the formation of capsid proteins and DNA by a competitive antagonism with amino acid arginine, which is an essential amino acid for some viruses, and also by promoting the increase of arginase, increasing the catabolism of arginine. Although there is evidence of the importance of L-lysine in viral control, more studies are needed, with a view to new antiviral therapies.

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Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

L‐lysine: Its antagonism with L‐arginine in controlling viral infection. Narrative literature review

Pedrazini

Silva²,

Groppo

2022

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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Azd-1222

2022

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L-arginine: its role in human physiology, in some diseases and mainly in viral multiplication as a narrative literature review

Pedrazini,

Martinez,

dos Santos

et al. 2024

Futur J Pharm Sci

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Background L-arginine (Arg) is an amino acid that contributes to several aspects of human biochemistry. Individuals with malnutrition and certain physical conditions could benefit from arginine intake. However, as Arg is required by certain viruses, it is advised to avoid it in one's diet and supplementation during viral illnesses. New studies have emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic, and pioneering research has been reviewed. Main body of the abstract The purpose of this review is to determine when and why Arg depletion, supplementation, or avoidance is advisable, considering the divergent results. A narrative review was conducted by surveying scientific publications indexed in electronic databases. Studies published from 1960 up to 2024, with no language restrictions, were included. Arg comes from proteins in the human diet. The kidney is the main site of endogenous Arg synthesis and also responsible for the overall metabolism of this amino acid, participating in synthesis, degradation and reabsorption. The liver can synthesize Arg, but since this is completely recycled in the urea cycle, it contributes little or no to the Arg plasma flux. Arg present in diet is passively absorbed in the small intestine and also transformed into urea and ornithine via urea cycle in hepatocytes. It is associated with macrophage metabolism, vasomotor control, intracellular signaling, memory formation, immune response, and an important messenger of the bronchopulmonary, cardiovascular and neural systems. Thus, excessive or decreased Arg concentration could impair health condition. High Arg concentrations stimulated rapid reactivation and resumption of protein synthesis in some viruses. Conclusion According to research, caution should be exercised when supplementing or depleting the amino acid arginine. Individuals who are carriers of latent viruses, such as herpesviruses, and/or who have been exposed to other viruses studied, should avoid arginine supplements and the consumption of foods rich in arginine. However, as prophylaxis or antiviral therapy, control of arginine intake as well as the use of lysine supplements, its antagonist, is recommended for short periods starting after a possible viral exposure, or in face of stimuli that can remove viruses from their latent state and/or at the very beginning of the viral manifestation, in order to avoid a large viral multiplication and consequently control the infection. Long-term arginine depletion can significantly affect cellular metabolism and its use as supplemental therapy needs case-by-case evaluation. Graphical abstract

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L‐lysine in herpesvirus reactivation after ChAdOx1 nCoV ‐19 vaccine ( AZD1222 ): Minor literature review and case report

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

L‐lysine: Its antagonism with L‐arginine in controlling viral infection. Narrative literature review

L‐lysine: Its antagonism with L‐arginine in controlling viral infection. Narrative literature review

Azd-1222

L-arginine: its role in human physiology, in some diseases and mainly in viral multiplication as a narrative literature review

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