l(+)-Lactic Acid Production by Immobilized Lactobacillus casei Using Low Cost Agro-Industrial Waste as Carbon and Nitrogen Sources

Simultaneous Bioconversion of Gelatinized Starchy Waste from the Rice Noodle Manufacturing Process to Lactic Acid and Maltose-Forming α-Amylase by Lactobacillus plantarum S21, Using a Low-Cost Medium

“…Wee, Kim and Ryu [24] reported that 85% of CSL comprises of a nitrogen source such as crude proteins and amino acids. In addition, CSL is also a rich source of natural vitamins, organic acids, minerals, and other elemental nutrients [9,30]. Therefore, we concluded that CSL is possibly able to be used efficiently as an inexpensive nitrogen source for L. plantarum S21 cultivation, instead of the high-cost components such as yeast extract, beef extract, and peptone in MRS medium.…”

“…This corresponds to the previous reports in the cultivation of Streptomyces pilosus [30] and Lactobacillus spp. [9,18,31]. Wee, Kim and Ryu [24] reported that 85% of CSL comprises of a nitrogen source such as crude proteins and amino acids.…”

“…Various kinds of raw materials containing metabolizable sugars such as sucrose, molasses, and other biomasses can be also used as substrates for lactic acid fermentation, but the important considerations for substrate selection in industrial lactic acid production are economic reasons and substrate availability [7]. Wastes from agricultural industries, such as starchy wastes, lignocellulosic biomass, and food wastes have been extensively investigated in recent years, as alternative and economic raw materials to reduce the cost of lactic acid production [5,[8][9][10][11]. Besides, utilizing these agricultural wastes is also an effective strategy in environmental waste management [12].…”

“…Corn steep liquor (CSL) is a low-cost alternative medium component for fermentation. It is a by-product of wet corn milling that has been reported as a rich source of proteins, and it contains vitamins, minerals, and carbohydrates [9,17]. CSL has been successfully used as an alternative for expensive nitrogen sources in many fermentation processes [8,9,18,19].…”

Microbial extraction of chitin from seafood waste using sugars derived from fruit waste-stream

“…In our study, we have chosen a co-culture fermentation strategy over a two-step successive mono-culture so that the metabolic pathways of all bacteria strains involved can be synergistically harnessed (Liu et al 2014;Aytekin and Elibol 2010). Due to the development of green extraction techniques as well as the push to decrease the cost of chitin purification, we have decided to explore the use of carbon-rich waste as a substrate to replace the glucose supplement in the fermentation process (Adour et al 2008;Thakur et al 2019). This is because production volume and processing costs can be reduced with a high concentration sugar waste substrate as a carbon source (Bayrak and Buyukkileci 2018;Tropea et al 2014).…”