L'illusion participative

Blanc-Pamard, Chantal; Fauroux, Emmanuel

doi:10.3917/autr.031.0003

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…According to some authors, greater local participation in decision making or, at the very least, a better understanding of local needs and desires and the incorporation of these are key aspects in the design and implementation of conservation and development programs, and underpin decentralization theory (Ribot 1996;Agrawal and Ribot 1999). Pamard and Fauroux (2004) noted, for example, that "the failure of development interventions in western Madagascar is mainly linked to a top-down approach that does not allow people to truly take ownership of innovation". It can also lead to the disempowerment of local actors by conservation professionals (Rodaly 1998).…”

Section: Local Communities Marginalized During the Design And Implemementioning

confidence: 99%

Moving beyond the illusion of participation in the governance of Yangambi Biosphere Reserve (Tshopo Province, Democratic Republic of Congo)

Koy¹,

Ngonga²,

Wardell³

2019

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The participation of local communities in the governance of protected areas in the Democratic Republic of Congo is challenged by several external and local factors. This article aims to understand the representation of local communities and factors that influence their participation in the governance of the Yangambi Biosphere Reserve. Three principal sources of information (archival records, focus group and semi-structured interviews) were used to collect data. The results indicate a top-down participatory approach. The cumulative failure of several projects in the context of local development has led to different perceptions by local communities of their role in the participative governance of Yangambi Biosphere Reserve. Initiatives in participatory management and local development only function during the lifetime of externally-funded projects when initiators are present in the intervention area. The results call into question formal claims made by both conservation projects and the Congolese government regarding the actual participation of local communities in the governance of Biosphere Reserves. Furthermore, although Biosphere Reserves in DRC are recognized as part of the national network of protected areas since 2002, their management is still not aligned to either the Seville Strategy or the statutory framework of the world network of Biosphere Reserves. To achieve this, local development initiatives need to focus on poverty alleviation (through the diversification of income sources, entrepreneurship, farmer training and the creation of employment opportunities) and a better understanding of local practices and cultures in the design of such projects.

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Section: Local Communities Marginalized During the Design And Implemementioning

confidence: 99%

Moving beyond the illusion of participation in the governance of Yangambi Biosphere Reserve (Tshopo Province, Democratic Republic of Congo)

Koy¹,

Ngonga²,

Wardell³

2019

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“…Les activités économiques déployées ne constituent pas de réelles compensations pour les ménages qui subissent le coût de la conservation, d'une part parce que les moyens déployés sont inadéquats, d'autre part parce que l'argent va ailleurs. Les TGRN font face à une limite connue des projets de développement communautaire : la concentration des bénéfices aux mains des élites coutumières et/ou économiques (Ribot, 2002 ;Blanc-Pamard et Fauroux, 2004). Globalement le financement de ces activités économiques ne contribuera pas à modifier les comportements et donc à limiter la déforestation.…”

Section: Des Transferts De Gestion Peu Incitatifsunclassified

Le mécanisme REDD+ et les projets pilotes à Madagascar : d’un idéal incitatif à la réalité des dispositifs de gestion

Brimont¹,

Leroy²

2018

Nat. Sci. Soc.

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La principale innovation du mécanisme de réduction des émissions issues de la déforestation et de la dégradation des forêts (REDD+) est de proposer un mécanisme de conservation des forêts par l’incitation économique basé sur les résultats. L’objectif de cet article est de mettre en perspective ce discours d’innovation politique avec la réalité des projets pilotes REDD+, en interrogeant la place qu’y occupe finalement le principe d’incitation économique. Nous analysons les projets pilotes REDD+ à Madagascar en mettant en évidence les logiques managériales qui les sous-tendent, les dispositifs territoriaux qu’ils produisent, et les modalités de mise en œuvre auprès des populations locales. Ce travail montre les décalages entre le mécanisme REDD+, vu comme un instrument économique incitatif, et son opérationnalisation en différents dispositifs de gestion aux modalités souvent très contraignantes, voire coercitives. Ces dispositifs, selon la doctrine gestionnaire qu’ils portent, mobilisent ce mécanisme comme un instrument de financement des politiques de conservation préexistantes, ou comme une incitation de développement économique agricole qui bénéficie à une élite.

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“…We use age and geographic origin indicators to measure the social endowments that determine land access. We expect land restrictions to affect young households and migrants first and foremost since the Malagasy rural society is organized through lineages under the authority of the oldest individuals [41], which means that young households have to rely on the oldest members of the community for access to land. Here, as elsewhere in Madagascar [42], land access for migrants is controlled by the natives (tompontany, or landlord).…”

Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving Conservation and Equity amidst Extreme Poverty and Climate Risk: The Makira REDD+ Project in Madagascar

Brimont

Ezzine‐de‐Blas

Karsenty

et al. 2015

Forests

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Achieving forest conservation together with poverty alleviation and equity is an unending challenge in the tropics. The Makira REDD+ pilot project located in northeastern Madagascar is a well-suited case to explore this challenge in conditions of extreme poverty and climatic vulnerability. We assessed the potential effect of project siting on the livelihoods of the local population and which households would be the most strongly impacted by conservation measures. Farmers living in hilly areas must resort to slash-and-burn agriculture (tavy) since a combination of topographic and climatic constraints, such as cyclones, makes permanent rice cultivation very difficult. These are the people who suffer most from conservation-related restriction measures. For practical reasons the project, unfortunately, did not target these farmers. The main focus was on communities with a lower cyclonic risk that are able to practice permanent rice agriculture in the lowlands. To reduce deforestation without violating the principles of equity, REDD+ projects in Madagascar need to better target populations facing high climatic risks and invest in efforts to improve the farmers' agricultural systems.

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L'illusion participative

Cited by 28 publications

References 6 publications

Moving beyond the illusion of participation in the governance of Yangambi Biosphere Reserve (Tshopo Province, Democratic Republic of Congo)

Moving beyond the illusion of participation in the governance of Yangambi Biosphere Reserve (Tshopo Province, Democratic Republic of Congo)

Le mécanisme REDD+ et les projets pilotes à Madagascar : d’un idéal incitatif à la réalité des dispositifs de gestion

Achieving Conservation and Equity amidst Extreme Poverty and Climate Risk: The Makira REDD+ Project in Madagascar

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