L’évaporation des nappes phréatiques sous climat aride est-elle indépendante de la nature du sol?

Integration of various data sources for transient groundwater modeling with spatio-temporally variable fluxes—Sardon study case, Spain

“…The recently developed two source RS based models (Kustas and Norman, 1999;French et al, 2000) allow for algorithm-inherent spatial separation of ET s from overall ET but do not solve the problem of separation of ET g from ET u . However, with field methods like sap flow, transpiration measurement, and isotopic tracing (Adar et al, 1995;Haase et al, 1996;Coudrain-Ribstein et al, 1998), combined together (Thornburn et al, 1993;Cook et al, 1998), the separation of ET u from ET g seems to be possible.…”

“…This plant is known to be able to survive for a long period on a very low quantity of water. It is expected, that not having roots deep enough to reach groundwater, it captures water either from the moisture remaining in the soil, or from dew, or from condensation of vapor moving up and down in the unsaturated zone (Coudrain-Ribstein et al, 1998;De Vries et al, 2000;Scanlon et al, 2003).…”

Quantifying renewable groundwater stress with GRACE

“…In these cases, the study aquifers have positive trends in subsurface storage anomalies and are therefore “gaining.” We consider the Human‐Dominated case to be the result of a positive trend from GRACE and negative recharge. Natural behavior of these systems would be a loss of groundwater through capillary flux to the root zone [ Coudrain‐Ribstein et al ., ; Walvoord et al ., ; De Vries and Simmers , ; Scanlon et al ., ; Walvoord and Scanlon , ; Lo et al ., ] or by direct evapotranspiration [ Yeh and Eltahir , ; Yeh and Famiglietti , ; Szilagyi et al ., ; Koirala et al ., ]. A combination of induced capture and human practices may be contributing to the gaining trend in groundwater storage, for example, from artificial recharge using surface water diversions in irrigated areas.…”

“…Scanlon et al . [] found that in semiarid to arid regions, the vadose zone is only influenced by surface climate forcings to a depth of about 3 m. Capillary rise, which we term negative recharge, beneath this depth is the dominant subsurface moisture flux [ Coudrain‐Ribstein et al ., ; Walvoord et al ., ; De Vries and Simmers , ; Scanlon et al ., ; Walvoord and Scanlon , ]. Aquifer systems undergoing Overstressed conditions may trigger or exacerbate land subsidence [ Galloway and Riley , ; Bawden et al ., ; Konikow and Kendy , ], ecosystem habitat destruction [ Stromberg et al ., ; Gleeson et al ., ] and aquifer compaction [ Galloway et al ., ; Konikow and Kendy , ] that limit future aquifer productivity and recharge potential.…”

“…In shallow aquifers, negative or negligible recharge is largely driven by groundwater supported evapotranspiration, especially in summer months and during dry periods [Yeh and Eltahir, 2005a,b;Yeh and Famiglietti, 2009;Szilagyi et al, 2013;Koirala et al, 2014]. Scanlon et al [2003] found that in semiarid to arid regions, the vadose zone is only influenced by surface climate forcings to a depth of about 3 m. Capillary rise, which we term negative recharge, beneath this depth is the dominant subsurface moisture flux [Coudrain-Ribstein et al, 1998;Walvoord et al, 2002;De Vries and Simmers, 2002;Scanlon et al, 2003;Walvoord and Scanlon, 2004]. Aquifer systems undergoing Overstressed conditions may trigger or exacerbate land subsidence [Galloway and Riley, 1999;Bawden et al, 2001;Konikow and Kendy, 2005], ecosystem habitat destruction [Stromberg et al, 1996;Gleeson et al, 2012] and aquifer compaction [Galloway et al, 1998;Konikow and Kendy, 2005] that limit future aquifer productivity and recharge potential.…”