L’érection Du Pénis Humain Et Ses Bases Morphologico-Vasculaires

Conti, Giuseppe

doi:10.1159/000140711

Cited by 188 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…The human penis has been the subject of little morphologic or physiologic investigation since Conti's description of "polsters" in 1952 (1). The neuromorphology of this organ in the adult has been only briefly described (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromorphology and Neuropharmacology of the Human Penis

Benson¹,

McConnell²,

Lipshultz³

et al. 1980

J. Clin. Invest.

132

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A B S T R A C T The neuromorphology and neuropharmacology of the human penis are only briefly described in literature. The present study was undertaken to define the adrenergic and cholinergic neuromorphology of the human corpus cavemosum (CC) and corpus spongiosum and to evaluate the in vitro response of the CC to pharmacologic stimulation. Human penile tissue was obtained from six transsexual patients undergoing penectomy. For morphologic study, the tissue was processed for (a) hematoxylin and eosin staining; (b) smooth muscle staining; (c) acetylcholinesterase localization; (d) glyoxylic acid histofluorescence; (e) electron microscopy; and (f) electron microscopy after glutaraldehyde dichromate fixation. In addition, strips of CC were placed in in vitro muscle chambers and tension changes recorded isometrically after stimulation with norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine. The CC contains abundant smooth muscle, numerous glyoxylic acidfluorescent (catecholaminergic) fibers and varicosities, and a scant distribution of acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers. Fewer of all these elements were present in the corpus spongiosum. No "polsters" were observed in the CC. Although glutaraldehyde-fixed controls exhibited no typical adrenergic vesicles (small, dense core, measuring 400-600 A in diameter), some small, strongly electron-dense vesicles were found in glutaraldehyde dichromate-fixed tissue and were thought to contain NE. A variety of other vesicles were also encountered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromorphology and Neuropharmacology of the Human Penis

Benson¹,

McConnell²,

Lipshultz³

et al. 1980

J. Clin. Invest.

132

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show abstract

“…The present observation by means of SEM and light microscope clearly demonstrated the existence of polsters in the all young, healthy dogs examined. They occurred in the helicine arteries and were never found in the drainage veins which have been reported to possess them (7). The polsters in dogs showed a peculiar but uniformly designed structure, distinguishable from any pathological changes which have been claimed to characterize the polsters (5,21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Erection is caused by a particular regulation of arterial and venous flow. Early anatomists have attributed this regulating mechanism to the intimal thickenings of penile vessels (7). However, the presence and functional significance of the polsters have been disputed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The blood vessels of the penis have been reported to possess conspicuous luminal protrusions of their intima called 'wurst-oder polsterartige Verdickungen' (29), 'polsters' (7) or 'Ebner's pad ' (17); in the present paper, we adopt the term 'polster'. Conti (7) has regarded the polsters with their active contraction and relaxation as the crucial part in his theory on the mechanism of erection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conti (7) has regarded the polsters with their active contraction and relaxation as the crucial part in his theory on the mechanism of erection. Although the polsters have been reported to occur both in arteries and veins in the human penis (6,7,28), Goldstein er ai. (l0) described that the polsters with physiological significance were restricted to the veins.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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<b>SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE OBSERVATION OF PENILE VASCULAR CASTS IN THE DOG: AN INQUIRY INTO THE POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF ERECTION BASED ON THE </b><b>FINDINGS </b>

et al. 1987

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The vascular construction of the dog penis was investigated mainly by scanning electron microscopic observation of corrosion casts produced by injection of methylmethacrylate into the penile artery and its branches. The corpus cavernosum penis was supplied mainly by the penile deep artery; only its distal end received a few small branches from the dorsal artery. The helicine arteries were provided with polsters which protruded into the lumen so prominently that they might conspicuously reduce the lurninal space during the flaccid state of the penis. The

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The vasculature of the rat penis: A scanning electron microscopic and histologic study

et al. 1991

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As a basis for understanding the mechanism of erection in an animal model frequently used in research in reproductive biology, the angioarchitecture of the penis of the rat has been described using scanning electron microscopy. Study of the penile vasculature of the rat indicates that the corpora cavernosa penis and the corpus spongiosum are independent erectile tissues, each with its own arterial and venous vessels. The large vascular spaces and abundant smooth muscle of the penile crura are compatible with its role in regulating blood flow to more distal penile tissues. Helicine arteries of the crura, but not the parent deep penile artery or arteries elsewhere, have muscular cushions in their walls. The venous drainage of the penile crura is via subtunical veins which are thought to be compressed during erection to elevate pressure within the penis. Large, paired cavernous veins drain the shaft of the penis. A unique method for inhibiting blood flow from the penis is indicated by the division of the cavernous veins into smaller channels prior to joining the subtunical venous plexus. Erectile tissue in the bifid origins of the corpus spongiosum has abundant cavernous muscle, while in the remainder of the corpus spongiosum little smooth muscle lines the cavernous spaces. The cavernous spaces on either side of the urethra coalesce to form vessels, each of which communicates with cavernous spaces in the glans. In addition, a bypass of the glans is effected by communication of these vessels directly with the deep dorsal vein. The apparent absence of muscular pads in vessels of the spongiosum, the relative paucity of cavernous smooth muscle, and the ample venous drainage provided by the deep dorsal vein may account for the lack of a venous occlusive mechanism similar to that of the corpora cavernosa penis.

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L’érection Du Pénis Humain Et Ses Bases Morphologico-Vasculaires

Cited by 188 publications

References 0 publications

Neuromorphology and Neuropharmacology of the Human Penis

Neuromorphology and Neuropharmacology of the Human Penis

<b>SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE OBSERVATION OF PENILE VASCULAR CASTS IN THE DOG: AN INQUIRY INTO THE POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF ERECTION BASED ON THE </b><b>FINDINGS </b>

The vasculature of the rat penis: A scanning electron microscopic and histologic study

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