L'emploi dans le commerce de détail japonais. Une comparaison avec la France

Comparing student employment in French and Irish retailing

“…Data on the role of students in the retail labour force is particularly poor in both France and Ireland. Statistics on their participation in this sector are not collected at a national level, as noted in the French context by Gadrey et al (1999). It is only through a number of case studies of employment in retailing that any information is available on student work in this sector.…”

“…It is only through a number of case studies of employment in retailing that any information is available on student work in this sector. Gadrey (1991), Bertrand (1991), Cattaneo (1996) and Gadrey et al (1999) have noted that students are seldom employed in French stores, although it seems that students are more likely to be employed in French department stores (Maruani and Nicole, 1989). It is notable that many of those analysing part-time employment in French retailing do not consider student employment at all (e.g.…”

“…Employing students during other periods of the week in France did not provide savings for retailers either. There all single workers earning the minimum wage were exempt from income tax [12], and it was also not possible to pay students less per hour due to the statutory minimum wage[13] -a finding also noted by Gadrey et al (1999) when comparing part-time employment in French and Japanese retailing. Therefore the incentive of reduced wages for student part-timers through the interplay of tax and wage regulations did not exist for French retailers.…”

“…This article will compare the importance of students as staff in a selection of multi-national non-food stores in France and Ireland, and argue that their lower employment rate in the French than Irish stores is related to differences in the ways in which retailing is organised in each country. The argument will draw on the theoretical work of Rubery (1994), supplemented by that of Gadrey et al (1999). This analysis will provide an insight into the reasons for cross-national variations in student employment in this important services sector, an issue that is very under-researched, both at a national and crossnational level.…”

“…There are significant overlaps in the factors identified by Rubery (1994) and Gadrey et al (1999) to explain cross-national differences in retail employment. The three main factors identified by both are the industrial organisation of retailing, labour market structures and family structures.…”