Local breeds of Sahelian small-ruminant (SR) in Senegal are highly adapted to extensive farming systems despite feeding and health constraints, especially in a climate change context. As an important source of protein for populations, SR also generate substantial income. Despite this importance, their productivity in rural farming systems is rarely studied. The main objective of this study is to analyze demographic dynamics of SR's flocks in the Ferlo zone using last twelve months retrospective surveys. The surveys were carried out on 52 flocks belonging to 32 rural households. With a predominance of adult females, a total number of 604 sheep and 450 goats are counted with an average size of 19.48 ± 9.63 and 21.43 ± 11.35 heads per flock respectively for sheep and goat. The annual birth rate was 84.1 ± 5.4 for goats and 85.5 ± 5.3% for sheep. Young animals were particularly affected by mortality with a frequency of 16.8 ± 3.0 and 13.2 ± 3.0% respectively for sheep and goats. Purchase was the main reason for entrance of animals into the flocks. For animal exits, mortalities were the main reason for sheep whereas for goats, sales were the main reasons. The global offtake rate was 23.8 ± 2.1% for sheep and 26.8 ± 2.5% for goats and adult males were mostly concerned. Despite low productivity, SR breeding remains an important economic activity for the rural populations.