L’éclampsie au CHU-Yalgado de Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) du 1er avril 2013 au 31 mars 2014

Abstract

The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of the eclampsia in the obstetrics and gynecology department at the University Teaching Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo of Ouagadougou. It has been a descriptive crosssectional study over a period of 12 months from 1 April 2013 to 31 March 2014. The main criterion for inclusion in our sample was the occurrence of seizures in a pregnant more than 20 weeks of gestation or recently delivered with elevation of blood pressure and the presence of albumin in the urine. The patients were followed from the onset of the crisis until hospital discharge. Data were collected and analyzed using Epi Info 3.5.1. The significance level of 5% was used for data comparison. We identified 203 cases of eclampsia for 6063 deliveries that to say a frequency of 3.3%. The average age of patients was 27.5 years [14-46]. In socio-demographic terms, patients were housewives in 62.5% of cases, the average rate of the past-deliver number was 4.2 [0-11] and 47.7% of patients were living as married. Clinically, they were referred in 72.4% of cases and were initially admitted into the service for elevation of blood pressure in 40.3% of cases. The mean gestational age was 31.5 weeks [23-41]; diastolic blood pressure exceeded 110 mmHg in 63.1% of cases. Therapeutically, all the patients benefited from a treatment based in anticonvulsant by magnesium sulfate and antihypertensive therapy by nicardipine, clonidine or alpha-methyl-dopa. Maternal prognosis was marked by significant morbidity in 46 cases (22.6%) and mortality in 13 patients that to say a fatality rate of 6.4%. The fetal one was dominated by a perinatal lethality in 31.5% of the cases. Eclampsia is a major cause of maternal and perinatal mortality in the University Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou. The adoption of strategies for screening during antenatal consultations and early management should contribute to the reduction of the mortality in the mother and child couple in Burkina Faso.

Pronostic maternel et périnatal de l´éclampsie à l´hôpital de Tombouctou au Mali

“…Dans le reste de l´Afrique, notre incidence à 2,3% était supérieure à celles rapportées à Dakar (8 p 1000) et au Nigeria (1,12%) [ 5 , 6 ]. Elle était cependant moins élevée que les 3,3% rapportés à Ouagadougou [ 7 ]. Dans les pays développés par contre, l´incidence de l´éclampsie reste très faible 0,5 à 0,7 p.1000 accouchement [ 8 - 11 ].…”

“…La létalité maternelle observée dans notre série était supérieure à celle observée au Nigeria (2,5%) et dans les pays développés [ 8 , 11 , 15 ]. Elle était toutefois moins importante que celle observée au Burkina Faso (6,4%) les 17,9% au CHU de Dakar (Sénégal) [ 5 , 7 ].…”

“…Quant à la létalité périnatale à 21,5% dans notre série, elle était plus élevée que celle du CHU point G (Bamako) à 10,18% [ 3 ]. Notre taux était inférieur celle rapporté au CHU de Dakar 35,9% [ 5 ] et à Ouagadougou 31,5% [ 7 ]. Les facteurs associés à cette létalité périnatale dans notre étude étaient la résidence hors de la commune (ville) de Tombouctou, l´accouchement voie basse et l´absence de consultation prénatale.…”

Severe Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia in the Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Regional Teaching Hospital of Ouahigouya (RTHO): Clinical, Therapeutic and Evolutive Aspects

“…In Burkina Faso, the maternal lethality rate linked to eclampsia was 3, 3% at University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo (UHCYO) and eclampsia was the fourth maternal death cause behind hemorrhages, infections and complications of abortion [5].…”