L‐carnitine improves metabolic disorders and regulates apelin and apelin receptor genes expression in adipose tissue in diabetic rats

Kohan, Neda Ranjbar; Tabandeh, Mohammad Reza; Nazifi, Saeed; Soleimani, Zahra

doi:10.14814/phy2.14641

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Ranjbar Kohan et al, 22 revealed that TNFα levels were reduced in diabetes mellitus rats two weeks after L-Carnitine treatment. It was evidenced that L-Carnitine could improve cellular oxidative stress by activation of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase enzyme.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Protective Effect of Metformin and L-Carnitine in Rat Model of Carboplatin-Induced Myelosuppression, Comparative Study

Shalaby

Ibrahim²,

Ibrahim³

et al. 2022

Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Assiut

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Background: Carboplatin (CP), a well-known second-generation platinum compound, is effective against various malignancies including ovarian, lung, neck, breast, cervix and bladder cancer. However, myelosuppression is the most overwhelming toxic effect which results in leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia. L-Carnitine (LCR) is a well-known antioxidant, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and immunostimulant natural chemical compound. Metformin (MF) is a well-known drug approved for type 2 DM treatment. The aim of this work was to compare the potential protective effect of metformin and L-carnitine in a rat model of CP-induced myelosuppression. Methods and results: This study was performed on 40 adult male albino rats which were divided into four groups: control group, Carboplatin (CP) group, metformin (MF+CP) group and L-Carnitine (LCR+CP) group. Serum was used for measurement of TNF-α alpha, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), glutathione reductase, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Histopathological and immunohistochemical changes analyses were done in bone marrow. Carboplatin group showed redox status imbalance which was reversed by metformin and l-carnitine treatment corrected redox status balance. RBCs, WBCs and platelets counts were decreased in carboplatin treated group. Metformin and l-carnitine increased RBCs, WBCs and platelets counts significantly. TGF-β1 and caspase 3 expression were high in carboplatin treated group. Metformin and lcarnitine treatment significantly decreased their expression. Conclusions: Metformin and L-Carnitine have a possible protective role in myelosuppression induced by carboplatin and this effect is more potent with LCR treatment so we could recommend using L-Carnitine during Carboplatin treatment to prevent developing myelosuppression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Protective Effect of Metformin and L-Carnitine in Rat Model of Carboplatin-Induced Myelosuppression, Comparative Study

Shalaby

Ibrahim²,

Ibrahim³

et al. 2022

Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Assiut

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“…No effect was observed between groups in terms of BWI (g/cm 2 ); however, this was an expected result due to the treatment duration. Evidence suggests that L-carnitine supplementation may be beneficial in the treatment of obesity [29]. In one study, after 8-week treatment with LC administration, body weight increase and epididymal fat excess weight caused by delayed feeding were considerably reduced in mice [30].…”

Section: In Vivo Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the In Vitro and In Vivo Performance of L-Carnitine-Loaded Nanoparticles in Combating Obesity

Uner,

Ergin,

Ansari

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Addressing obesity is a critical health concern of the century, necessitating urgent attention. L-carnitine (LC), an essential water-soluble compound, plays a pivotal role in lipid breakdown via β-oxidation and facilitates the transport of long-chain fatty acids across mitochondrial membranes. However, LC’s high hydrophilicity poses challenges to its diffusion through bilayers, resulting in limited bioavailability, a short half-life, and a lack of storage within the body, mandating frequent dosing. In our research, we developed LC-loaded nanoparticle lipid carriers (LC-NLCs) using economically viable and tissue-localized nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to address these limitations. Employing the central composite design model, we optimized the formulation, employing the high-pressure homogenization (HPH) method and incorporating Poloxamer® 407 (surfactant), Compritol® 888 ATO (solid lipid), and oleic acid (liquid oil). A comprehensive assessment of nanoparticle physical attributes was performed, and an open-field test (OFT) was conducted on rats. We employed immunofluorescence assays targeting CRP and PPAR-γ, along with an in vivo rat study utilizing an isolated fat cell line to assess adipogenesis. The optimal formulation, with an average size of 76.4 ± 3.4 nm, was selected due to its significant efficacy in activating the PPAR-γ pathway. Our findings from the OFT revealed noteworthy impacts of LC-NLC formulations (0.1 mg/mL and 0.2 mg/mL) on adipocyte cells, surpassing regular L-carnitine formulations’ effects (0.1 mg/mL and 0.2 mg/mL) by 169.26% and 156.63%, respectively (p < 0.05).

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“…Mardinoglu et al [ 8 ] performed personal model-assisted identification of NAD+ and glutathione (GSH) metabolism to elucidate mechanisms underlying NAFLD, a disease strongly related to obesity, and to discover which substances could be used as treatments due to their participation in the affected metabolic pathways. Prior studies have described how different bioactive co-factors separately related to GSH and NAD + metabolism can modulate metabolic pathways and improve white adipose tissue dysfunction in preclinical models [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and betaine were selected because both ingredients are GSH precursors [ 16 , 17 ], and nicotinamide riboside (NR), which is a precursor of NAD + , and L-carnitine were employed to boost fatty acid oxidation promoting the uptake of FFA to mitochondria, thus accelerating FFA oxidation and protecting against impaired mitochondrial function [ 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Obesity and Insulin Resistance through Dual Targeting of VAT and BAT by a Novel Combination of Metabolic Cofactors

Quesada-Vázquez

Antolín

Colom‐Pellicer

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Obesity is an epidemic disease worldwide, characterized by excessive fat accumulation associated with several metabolic perturbations, such as metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. To improve this situation, a specific combination of metabolic cofactors (MC) (betaine, N-acetylcysteine, L-carnitine, and nicotinamide riboside) was assessed as a promising treatment in a high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model. Obese animals were distributed into two groups, orally treated with the vehicle (obese + vehicle) or with the combination of metabolic cofactors (obese + MC) for 4 weeks. Body and adipose depots weights; insulin and glucose tolerance tests; indirect calorimetry; and thermography assays were performed at the end of the intervention. Histological analysis of epidydimal white adipose tissue (EWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) was carried out, and the expression of key genes involved in both fat depots was characterized by qPCR. We demonstrated that MC supplementation conferred a moderate reduction of obesity and adiposity, an improvement in serum glucose and lipid metabolic parameters, an important improvement in lipid oxidation, and a decrease in adipocyte hypertrophy. Moreover, MC-treated animals presented increased adipose gene expression in EWAT related to lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, MC supplementation reduced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, with an increased expression of the glucose transporter Glut4; and decreased fat accumulation in BAT, raising non-shivering thermogenesis. This treatment based on a specific combination of metabolic cofactors mitigates important pathophysiological characteristics of obesity, representing a promising clinical approach to this metabolic disease.

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L‐carnitine improves metabolic disorders and regulates apelin and apelin receptor genes expression in adipose tissue in diabetic rats

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Potential Protective Effect of Metformin and L-Carnitine in Rat Model of Carboplatin-Induced Myelosuppression, Comparative Study

Potential Protective Effect of Metformin and L-Carnitine in Rat Model of Carboplatin-Induced Myelosuppression, Comparative Study

Assessing the In Vitro and In Vivo Performance of L-Carnitine-Loaded Nanoparticles in Combating Obesity

Reduction of Obesity and Insulin Resistance through Dual Targeting of VAT and BAT by a Novel Combination of Metabolic Cofactors

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