L-carnitine deficiency in AIDS patients

Simone, Claudio De; Tzantzoglou, Sonia; Jirillo, Emilio; Marzo, A; Vullo, Vincenzo; Martelli, E. Arrigoni

doi:10.1097/00002030-199202000-00011

Cited by 56 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Cobalamin, methionine and lysine derive from similar animal protein sources, which suggested that animal protein malnutrition was uncommon in our patients, as indicated by their parents. Low carnitine concentrations were also found in 29 adult patients with adequate nutrition (De Simone et al, 1992). The significant correlation found in our patients between methionine or lysine and free or total carnitine levels may also suggest a selective malabsorption of these compounds, as already described for other micronutrients (Revell et al, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Carnitine deficiency may occur in adult HIV-infected patients (De Simone et al, 1992, but also in children, according to our results. We found low free carnitine levels in 28% of our HIV-infected children and low total carnitine in 37% of them, with most of these patients (24%) showing free and total carnitine deficient values.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Serum carnitine deficiency as well as carnitine depletion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in muscle has been described in HIV-infected adults (De Simone et al, 1992Dalakas et al, 1994), but very little data on carnitine status have been reported in children (Mintz, 1995). Carnitine depletion seems to be associated with the use of antiretroviral therapies, especially zidovudine (AZT) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low serum carnitine in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral treatment

et al. 2003

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Objective: HIV-infection and antiretroviral therapies are associated with energy dysfunction and lipid metabolism in adults. Our aim was to detect a possible carnitine deficiency in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral treatments. We analysed the relation among serum carnitine, its amino-acid precursors (methionine and lysine), clinical evaluation and antiretroviral therapy. Design and setting: Cross-sectional study performed in a tertiary care hospital. Subjects: A total of 79 HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy, monitored prospectively in our hospital. Interventions: Antiretroviral therapy included nucleoside analogues plus protease inhibitors and/or non-nucleoside analogues. Carnitine was analysed by an enzymatic-spectrometric procedure, and amino acids by ion exchange chromatography. Reference values of carnitine and amino acids were established in apparently healthy children who underwent presurgical analysis for minor surgery. Results: Serum free and total carnitine, acylcarnitines, methionine and lysine were significantly lower in HIV-infected children compared with our reference values for similar ages (Po0.0001; Student's t-test). Low carnitine values were observed in 37% of our HIV-infected children. A significantly positive correlation was observed between serum total carnitine and methionine or lysine (Po0.0001 and P ¼ 0.005, respectively; Pearson test). No relation was observed between serum carnitine and clinical stage of HIV infection, immunological or nutritional status or lipodystrophy. Free and total carnitine were significantly lower (P ¼ 0.002 and 0.033, respectively) in HIV-infected patients on protease inhibitors (N ¼ 56) compared with those on other treatments (N ¼ 23). Conclusions: Low serum carnitine concentration was observed in 37% of our HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy. Malabsorption or defective synthesis may also account for the low serum carnitine values detected in these patients. Sponsorship: Grant FIS 99/1270.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low serum carnitine in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral treatment

et al. 2003

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“…In addition to the immunological aspects, among the factors involved in the genesis of cardiac dysfunction are the coinfections with cardiotropic viruses, such as citomegalovirus, Epstein-Bar, and cocksackie B, anemia, PCM, autonomic dysfunction, and trace element deficiency, such as selenium and L-carnitine, vitamin A deficiency, toxic response to antiretroviral agents, pentamidine and sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim, oxidative stress, and genetic susceptibility. 8,10,18,37,41,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] Pyopericardium and cardiac tamponade occurred in 2 cases (4.9%) in this study, but these are serious cardiac complications and clinical emergencies that could have resulted in death. Prevalence of pericarditis with effusion in the literature is about 22%; however autopsy findings put this as higher.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Estudo cardiológico longitudinal em crianças expostas ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana tipo 1 por via perinatal

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Machado

et al. 2005

Arq. Bras. Cardiol.

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“…Furthermore, they showed that l-carnitine protects against the effects of zidovudine on cultured human myotubes and also enhances recovery of zidovudine-associated destruction of myotubes following zidovudine withdrawal [121,122]. Reductions in both muscle and plasma carnitine levels are described in other mitochondrial myopathies [123,124], and plasma carnitine levels are reportedly reduced in zidovudinetreated patients [125]. Some suggested that muscle mitochondrial dysfunction leads sequentially to accumulation of coenzyme A esters, formation of acylcarnitine, and finally depletion of muscle carnitine pools [123].…”

Section: Etiology and Pathogenesis Zidovudinementioning

confidence: 99%