L-Carnitine and Pyruvate Are Prosurvival Factors During the Storage of Stallion Spermatozoa at Room Temperature1

Gibb, Zamira; Lambourne, Sarah R.; Quadrelli, Julianne; Smith, Nathan D.; Aitken, R. John

doi:10.1095/biolreprod.115.131326

Cited by 73 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In the present study, we found that DNA fragmentation level was significantly reduced in the semen samples, when these were cryopreserved with LC. Our findings of the protective effect of LC against DNA damage are in agreement with studies by Zhang et al [26] and Gibb et al [30]. In contrast, Manee-In et al [28] and Banihani et al [22, 23] observed no effect of LC on sperm DNA integrity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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The Effect of L-Carnitine, Hypotaurine, and Taurine Supplementation on the Quality of Cryopreserved Chicken Semen

Partyka

Rodak

Bajzert

et al. 2017

BioMed Research International

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of L-carnitine (LC), hypotaurine (HT), and taurine (T) on the quality of frozen-thawed chicken semen. Pooled semen samples were divided into seven aliquots (control, 1 mM LC, 5 mM LC, 1 mM HT, 10 mM HT, 1 mM T, and 10 mM T) and subjected to cryopreservation. Postthaw sperm motility was determined by IVOS system and sperm characteristics were assessed with fluorochromes and flow cytometry. The highest sperm motility and the highest percentage of viable sperm were in the HT1 group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) following cryopreservation. After thawing, we observed a higher percentage of sperm without apoptosis and membrane reorganization changes in the LC1 and T1 group when compared to the control (P < 0.05). There was a higher percentage of live sperm without lipid peroxidation (LPO) in all treatments (P < 0.01; P < 0.05), when compared to the control group. The percentage of sperm with high mitochondrial potential significantly increased with LC1, T1, and T10 (P < 0.05). Supplementation of the diluent with LC1, LC5, and T1 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced DNA susceptibility to fragmentation, compared to the control and HT1 groups. These results indicate that the addition of examined antioxidants improves the quality of cryopreserved chicken semen.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…As shown in Table 2, none of the tested antioxidants significantly improved chicken spermatozoal acrosome status, similarly as in the studies on mammals [28, 30, 41, 43, 46]. Previously, we obtained comparable results with other antioxidants in the chicken semen [36].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

The Effect of L-Carnitine, Hypotaurine, and Taurine Supplementation on the Quality of Cryopreserved Chicken Semen

Partyka

Rodak

Bajzert

et al. 2017

BioMed Research International

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“…A recent study in stallion sperm incubated in a modified BWW with 10 mM pyruvate concentration demonstrated an increase in motility but also an increase in ROS, suggesting a metabolic role of the pyruvate supplementation [46]. We have demonstrated the mechanism by which pyruvate supplementation leads to increased ROS through mitochondrial leakage due to intense mitochondrial activity.…”

Section: Ros Can Be Both Pathologic and A Biomarker Of Intense Mitochsupporting

confidence: 54%

Lactate and Pyruvate Are Major Sources of Energy for Stallion Sperm with Dose Effects on Mitochondrial Function, Motility, and ROS Production

Darr

Varner

Teague

et al. 2016

Biology of Reproduction

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Stallion sperm rely primarily on oxidative phosphorylation for production of ATP used in sperm motility and metabolism. The objective of the study was to identify which substrates included in Biggers, Whitten, and Whittingham (BWW) media are key to optimal mitochondrial function through measurements of sperm motility parameters, mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. It was expected that mitochondrial substrates, pyruvate and lactate, would support sperm motility and mitochondrial function better than the glycolytic substrate, glucose, due to direct utilization within the mitochondria. Measurements were performed after incubation in modified BWW media with varying concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, and glucose. The effects of media and duration of incubation on sperm motility, ROS production, and oxygen consumption were determined using a linear mixed-effects model. Duplicate ejaculates from four stallions were used in three separate experiments to determine the effects of substrate availability and concentration on sperm motility and mitochondrial function and the relationship of oxygen consumption with cellular ROS production. The present results indicate that lactate and pyruvate are the most important sources of energy for stallion sperm motility and velocity, and elicit a dose-dependent response. Additionally, lactate and pyruvate are ideal for maximal mitochondrial function, as sperm in these media operate at a very high level of their bioenergetic capability due to the high rate of energy metabolism. Moreover, we found that addition of glucose to the media is not necessary for short-term storage of equine sperm, and may even result in reduction of mitochondrial function. Finally, we have confirmed that ROS production can be the result of mitochondrial dysfunction as well as intense mitochondrial activity.

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“…The impact of lipid peroxidation on sperm function is clearly reflected by the loss of motility observed following cryopreservation/thaw‐out. Indeed, the relationship between lipid peroxidation and motility is evident when mammalian spermatozoa are more likely to retain their function when exposed to antioxidants, such as melatonin, genistein, carnitine, or α‐tocopherol, during cryostorage (Ashrafi et al, ; Gibb, Lambourne, Quadrelli, Smith, & Aitken, ; Longobardi et al, ; Satorre, Breininger, & Beconi, ; Thomson et al, ).…”

Section: Impact Of Oxidative Stress On Spermatozoamentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive oxygen species as mediators of sperm capacitation and pathological damage

Aitken

2017

Molecular Reproduction Devel

Self Cite

451

370

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Oxidative stress plays a major role in the life and death of mammalian spermatozoa.These gametes are professional generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which appear to derive from three potential sources: sperm mitochondria, cytosolic L-amino acid oxidases, and plasma membrane Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases. The oxidative stress created via these sources appears to play a significant role in driving the physiological changes associated with sperm capacitation through the stimulation of a cyclic adenosine monophosphate/Protein kinase A phosphorylation cascade, including the activation of Extracellular signal regulated kinase-like proteins, massive up-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in the sperm tail, as well as the induction of sterol oxidation. When generated in excess, however, ROS can induce lipid peroxidation that, in turn, disrupts membrane characteristics that are critical for the maintenance of sperm function, including the capacity to fertilize an egg.Furthermore, the lipid aldehydes generated as a consequence of lipid peroxidation bind to proteins in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, triggering yet more ROS generation in a self-perpetuating cycle. The high levels of oxidative stress created as a result of this process ultimately damage the DNA in the sperm nucleus; indeed, DNA damage in the male germ line appears to be predominantly induced oxidatively, reflecting the vulnerability of these cells to such stress. Extensive evaluation of antioxidants that protect the spermatozoa against oxidative stress while permitting the normal reduction-oxidation regulation of sperm capacitation is therefore currently being undertaken, and has already proven efficacious in animal models. | INTRODUCTIONCapacitation is a key feature of mammalian sperm cell biology, and was independently reported by Chang (1951) and Austin (1951); its discovery was a sentinel for unwrapping the mysteries of mammalian fertilization.Completion of capacitation provides sperm with a series of behaviours that are essential for the achievement of fertilization, including hyperactivated motility, sperm-zona pellucida recognition, and acrosome exocytosis. Despite being aware of capacitation for more than half a century, the molecular mechanisms that underpin this process at a physiological level are still far from resolved (Aitken & Nixon, 2013). We do know that capacitation involves an efflux of cholesterol from the sperm plasma membrane (Davis, 1981) and a global increase in tyrosine phosphorylation (Visconti et al., 1995). Yet, our understanding of how these elements are controlled is still quite embryonic. In this context, one insight that has emerged in the relatively recent past is that sperm capacitation is a reduction-oxidation (redox)-regulated event, promoted by the de novo generation of low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). One of the first scientists to discover this association was the late Claude Gagnon, who published an important paper in 1993 citing the ability of superoxide to...

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L-Carnitine and Pyruvate Are Prosurvival Factors During the Storage of Stallion Spermatozoa at Room Temperature1

Cited by 73 publications

References 53 publications

The Effect of L-Carnitine, Hypotaurine, and Taurine Supplementation on the Quality of Cryopreserved Chicken Semen

The Effect of L-Carnitine, Hypotaurine, and Taurine Supplementation on the Quality of Cryopreserved Chicken Semen

Lactate and Pyruvate Are Major Sources of Energy for Stallion Sperm with Dose Effects on Mitochondrial Function, Motility, and ROS Production

Reactive oxygen species as mediators of sperm capacitation and pathological damage

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