l-Carnitine ameliorates the osteoporotic changes and protects against simvastatin induced myotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rats

Ahmed, Soliman; Reheem, Mahmoud H. Abd El; Elbahy, Dalia A.

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113221

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This is similar to the results of a study conducted by Ahmed SA. et al (2022) performed on twenty-four rats have osteoporosis found that 100 mg/kg daily of L-carnitine for one month decreased ALP level and the same dose of L-carnitine added to 10 mg/kg daily of simvastatin for the same period result in a substantial decline in ALT and AST values (48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of L-carnitine in reducing hepatotoxicity of statins in rats

Ibrahim,

Bader,

Bader

2023

Medicinski časopis

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Objective. The first line of treatment for hyperlipidemia is statins. In this group, atorvastatin is the most popular and effective drug. Hepatic toxicity and myopathy are the two observed adverse effects of statins. The active form of carnitine is L-carnitine, a water-soluble compound found in food, the body, and the majority of dietary supplements. There are many uses for L-carnitine in the human body. It assists in the removal of free radicals from the body and lowers hydrogen peroxide production, both of which may guard against liver side effects brought on by statins. Methods. Eighty rats were randomly divided into four main groups: control, L-carnitine, atorvastatin, and combination (L-carnitine + atorvastatin) groups. These groups were subdivided into three subgroups based on different doses of the drugs. The L-carnitine group was divided into L200, L300, and L400. The atorvastatin group was divided into A10, A15, and A20. The combination group was subdivided into AL10/200, AL15/300, and AL20/400. All groups received their treatments daily for one month. Results. According to our findings, the effects of L-carnitine (200 mg/kg daily) on the increase in AST brought on by atorvastatin are not statistically significant, although they are significant on the increases in ALT, ALP and TSB. L-carnitine still has substantial impacts on ALT, ALP and TSB even at larger doses, while its impacts on AST levels had become significant. Conclusion. Our research highlights the beneficial effects of supplementing with L-carnitine over a four-week period, which effectively mitigates the liver damage caused by atorvastatin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of L-carnitine in reducing hepatotoxicity of statins in rats

Ibrahim,

Bader,

Bader

2023

Medicinski časopis

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“…In healthy active adults, carnitine supplementation improved running speed, peak power, and reduced blood lactate levels during exercise testing [9, 21]. In the osteoporotic population, carnitine supplementation improved bone turnover markers (i.e., osteocalcin and osteopontin) in preclinical studies, which was further supported in clinical studies with increased bone mineral density [22‒24]. Clinically, the 2000 National Kidney Foundation (NFK)-K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines supported carnitine supplementation for the treatment of anemia during dialysis treatment [25]; however, a lack of medicare coverage precluded recommendation adherence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Musculoskeletal Health Worsened from Carnitine Supplementation and Not Impacted by a Novel Individualized Treadmill Training Protocol

Troutman,

Srinivasan,

Metzger

et al. 2024

Am J Nephrol

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Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) negatively affects musculoskeletal health, leading to reduced mobility, and quality of life. In healthy populations, carnitine supplementation and aerobic exercise have been reported to improve musculoskeletal health. However, there are inconclusive results regarding their effectiveness and safety in CKD. We hypothesized that carnitine supplementation and individualized treadmill exercise would improve musculoskeletal health in CKD. Methods: We used a spontaneously progressive CKD rat model (Cy/+ rat) (n = 11–12/gr): (1) Cy/+ (CKD-Ctrl), (2) CKD-carnitine (CKD-Carn), and (3) CKD-treadmill (CKD-TM). Carnitine (250 mg/kg) was injected daily for 10 weeks. Rats in the treadmill group ran 4 days/week on a 5° incline for 10 weeks progressing from 30 min/day for week one to 40 min/day for week two to 50 min/day for the remaining 8 weeks. At 32 weeks of age, we assessed overall cardiopulmonary fitness, muscle function, bone histology and architecture, and kidney function. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons tests. Results: Moderate to severe CKD was confirmed by biochemistries for blood urea nitrogen (mean 43 ± 5 mg/dL CKD-Ctrl), phosphorus (mean 8 ± 1 mg/dL CKD-Ctrl), parathyroid hormone (PTH; mean 625 ± 185 pg/mL CKD-Ctrl), and serum creatinine (mean 1.1 ± 0.2 mg/mL CKD-Ctrl). Carnitine worsened phosphorous (mean 11 ± 3 mg/dL CKD-Carn; p < 0.0001), PTH (mean 1,738 ± 1,233 pg/mL CKD-Carn; p < 0.0001), creatinine (mean 1 ± 0.3 mg/dL CKD-Carn; p < 0.0001), cortical bone thickness (mean 0.5 ± 0.1 mm CKD-Ctrl, 0.4 ± 0.1 mm CKD-Carn; p < 0.05). Treadmill running significantly improves maximal aerobic capacity when compared to CKD-Ctrl (mean 14 ± 2 min CKD-TM, 10 ± 2 min CKD-Ctrl; p < 0.01). Conclusion: Carnitine supplementation worsened CKD progression, mineral metabolism biochemistries, and cortical porosity and did not have an impact on physical function. Individualized treadmill running improved maximal aerobic capacity but did not have an impact on CKD progression or bone properties. Future studies should seek to better understand carnitine doses in conditions of compromised renal function to prevent toxicity which may result from elevated carnitine levels and to optimize exercise prescriptions for musculoskeletal health.

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Anti‐inflammatory, antiosteoporotic, and bone protective effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A against glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis in rats

Kuai,

Zheng,

Kumar

et al. 2024

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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Osteoporosis is a common condition worldwide, affecting millions of people. Women are more commonly affected than men, and the risk increases with age. Inflammatory reaction plays a crucial role in the expansion of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is characterized by a gradual decline in bone density and bone tissue quality, which increases fragility and raises the risk of fractures. We scrutinized the anti‐osteoporosis effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HYA) against glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis (GIOP) in rats. In‐silico study was carried out on EGFR receptor (PDBID: 1m17), Estrogen Alpha (PDB id: 2IOG), MTOR (PDB id: 4FA6), RANKL (PDB id: 1S55), and VEGFR2 (PDB id: 1YWN) protein. For this investigation, Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats were used, and they received an oral dose of HYA (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, b.w.) along with a subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg/day) to induce osteoporosis. The biomechanical, bone parameters, antioxidant, cytokines, inflammatory, nutrients, hormones, and urine parameters were estimated. HYA treatment significantly suppressed the body weight and altered the organ weight. HYA treatment remarkably suppressed the level of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and improved the level of bone mineral density (total, proximal, mild, and dis). HYA treatment restored the level of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), estradiol (E2), and parathyroid hormone near to the normal level. HYA treatment remarkably altered the level of biomechanical parameters, antioxidant, cytokines, urine, and inflammatory parameters. HYA treatment altered the level of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta (RANKL) and RANKL/OPG ratio. The result clearly showed the anti‐osteoporosis effect of HYA against GIOP‐induced osteoporosis in rats via alteration of antioxidant, cytokines, inflammatory, and bone protective parameters.

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l-Carnitine ameliorates the osteoporotic changes and protects against simvastatin induced myotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rats

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

The effects of L-carnitine in reducing hepatotoxicity of statins in rats

The effects of L-carnitine in reducing hepatotoxicity of statins in rats

Musculoskeletal Health Worsened from Carnitine Supplementation and Not Impacted by a Novel Individualized Treadmill Training Protocol

Anti‐inflammatory, antiosteoporotic, and bone protective effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A against glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis in rats

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