L-carnitine ameliorates dyslipidemic and hepatic disorders induced by a high-fat diet via regulating lipid metabolism, self-antioxidant capacity, and inflammatory response

Su, Chang-Chao; Chang, Chaung-Sung; Chou, Chung‐Hsi; Wu, Yi-Hsieng Samuel; Yang, Kuo Chung; Tseng, Jung-Kai; Chang, Yu Shan; Chen, Yi‐Chen

doi:10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.007

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Higher serum AST, ALT, and free fatty acids, as well as liver TC, TG, TBARS, and cytokine levels were easily observed in a HFD fed rodent models [22,27,28]. It has been reported that the hepatoprotection of OSM against CCl 4 resulted in decreased serum AST and ALT values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…On the other hand, OS supplementation on HFDfed rats can enhance the protein expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2), further increasing energy expenditure in electronic transport chain, and then attenuate the steatosis [42]. The UCP-2 was considered as an important therapeutic target in NAFLD [43], and many pharmacological researches had focused on related mechanisms to restore the lipid homeostasis [27,42,43,44]. Overall, the OSM or its metabolites may modulate the whole body lipid regulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preventive Effects of Ophiocordyceps sinensis Mycelium on High-Fat Diet Induced Lipid Dysregulation and Hepatic Inflammation of Mice

Chou¹,

Lin²,

Wu³

et al. 2017

JFNR

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Dyslipidemia is regarded as one of risk factors related to cardiovascular disease and hepatosteatosis widely. Due to westernized diet habits and lifestyle changes, there is a high prevalence of those lipid-dysregulated diseases, i.e. fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, diabetes etc. However, the liver holds the lipid homeostasis so hepatoprotective nutraceuticals against high-fat diet (HFD) induced dyslipidemia may be potential for a public demand. This study demonstrated that OSM containing 10% polysaccharides and 0.25% adenosine can decrease (p<0.05) serum and liver triglyceride (TG) contents, and meanwhile, increased (p<0.05) fecal cholesterol (TC) levels in HFD fed mice. Moreover, Ophiocordyceps sinensis mycelium (OSM) also decreased (p<0.05) serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) levels and the atherosclerosis index (LDLC/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC)) in HFD fed mice. Regarding the liver damage, OSM supplementation attenuated serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values, and liver tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in HFD fed mice. Taken together, OSM showed an ameliorative effect of the hepatosteatosis development and lipid-dysregulated-related diseases in a HFD habit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive Effects of Ophiocordyceps sinensis Mycelium on High-Fat Diet Induced Lipid Dysregulation and Hepatic Inflammation of Mice

Chou¹,

Lin²,

Wu³

et al. 2017

JFNR

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“…Therefore, the antiobesity effects of this BV‐based supplement might result from its amino acid and Mg contents. Multiple studies have also reported that HFD‐induced obesity simultaneously results in hyperlipidemia and liver damage . It has been proposed that supplementing leucine or arginine can reduce serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been proposed that supplementing leucine or arginine can reduce serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels respectively. Moreover, l ‐carnitine, synthesized from lysine and methionine, demonstrates an ameliorative effect of dyslipidemic and hepatic disorders of mice fed with an HFD . Similarly, a functional chicken liver hydrolysate – rich in leucine and arginine – has also shown a hypolipidemic effect in hamsters fed a high‐fat/cholesterol diet .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation effects of black‐vinegar‐based supplement against a high‐fat dietary habit: antiobesity/hypolipidemic, antioxidative, and energy‐metabolism effects

Liu

Chou

et al. 2020

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND An imbalanced fat or excess energy intake always results in obesity and increased serum/liver lipids, thus leading to metabolic syndromes. Given the bioactive components in black vinegar (BV), such as branched amino acids, phenolic profile, and mineral contents, we investigated the antiobesity effects of BV‐based supplements in rats fed a high‐fat diet (HFD). RESULTS HFD (30% fat, w/w) feeding increased (P < 0.05) body weight, weight gains, weights of livers and mesenteric, epididymal, and perirenal adipose tissues, and serum/liver triglyceride levels relative to those of rats fed a normal diet (4% fat, w/w; CON). These increased values were ameliorated (P < 0.05) by supplementing with BV‐based supplements but were still higher (P < 0.05) than those of CON rats. The increased areas of perirenal adipocytes in rats fed with an HFD were also decreased (P < 0.05) by supplementing with BV‐based supplements, which might result from an upregulation (P < 0.05) of 5′‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1 (CPT1), and uncoupling protein‐2 (UCP2) in the perirenal adipose tissues. A similar effect was observed for AMPK, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha, retinoid X receptor alpha, CPT1, and UCP2 gene and protein levels in livers (P < 0.05). Generally, BV‐based supplements increased the fecal triglyceride, cholesterol, and bile acid levels of rats fed with an HFD, which partially contribute to the lipid‐lowering effects. Furthermore, BV‐based supplements increased (P < 0.05) hepatic Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and lowered (P < 0.05) serum/liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values in HFD‐fed rats. CONCLUSION In a chronic high‐fat dietary habit, the food‐grade BV‐based supplement is a good daily choice to ameliorate obesity and its associated comorbidities. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Leptin Induces Oxidative Stress Through Activation of NADPH Oxidase in Renal Tubular Cells: Antioxidant Effect of L‐Carnitine

Blanca

Ruiz-Armenta

Zambrano

et al. 2016

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Leptin is a protein involved in the regulation of food intake and in the immune and inflammatory responses, among other functions. Evidences demonstrate that obesity is directly associated with high levels of leptin, suggesting that leptin may directly link obesity with the elevated cardiovascular and renal risk associated with increased body weight. Adverse effects of leptin include oxidative stress mediated by activation of NADPH oxidase. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine (LC) in rat renal epithelial cells (NRK-52E) exposed to leptin in order to generate a state of oxidative stress characteristic of obesity. Leptin increased superoxide anion (O2 (•) -) generation from NADPH oxidase (via PI3 K/Akt pathway), NOX2 expression and nitrotyrosine levels. On the other hand, NOX4 expression and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) levels diminished after leptin treatment. Furthermore, the expression of antioxidant enzymes, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, was altered by leptin, and an increase in the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors was also found in leptin-treated cells. LC restored all changes induced by leptin to those levels found in untreated cells. In conclusion, stimulation of NRK-52E cells with leptin induced a state of oxidative stress and inflammation that could be reversed by preincubation with LC. Interestingly, LC induced an upregulation of NOX4 and restored the release of its product, hydrogen peroxide, which suggests a protective role of NOX4 against leptin-induced renal damage. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2281-2288, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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L-carnitine ameliorates dyslipidemic and hepatic disorders induced by a high-fat diet via regulating lipid metabolism, self-antioxidant capacity, and inflammatory response

Cited by 30 publications

References 34 publications

Preventive Effects of <i>Ophiocordyceps </i><i>s</i><i>inensis </i>Mycelium on High-Fat Diet Induced Lipid Dysregulation and Hepatic Inflammation of Mice

Preventive Effects of <i>Ophiocordyceps </i><i>s</i><i>inensis </i>Mycelium on High-Fat Diet Induced Lipid Dysregulation and Hepatic Inflammation of Mice

Modulation effects of black‐vinegar‐based supplement against a high‐fat dietary habit: antiobesity/hypolipidemic, antioxidative, and energy‐metabolism effects

Leptin Induces Oxidative Stress Through Activation of NADPH Oxidase in Renal Tubular Cells: Antioxidant Effect of L‐Carnitine

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